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Incentivos económicos en la decisión de individuos y empresas para operar en el sector formal o informal: seguro popular y eficiencia recaudatoria

Author

Listed:
  • Neme-Castillo, Omar.

    (Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional)

  • Flores-Márquez, Héctor.

    (Secretaría de Finanzas y Administración del Estado de Puebla)

Abstract

Las empresas e individuos se enfrentan a incentivos económicos que influyen en la decisión de operación entre los sectores formal e informal. El Seguro Popular en México actúa como incentivo a favor de la informalidad, ya que al ser de origen gratuito, reduce el costo de enfermarse y permite un nivel de consumo mayor; esto revierte el sesgo formado naturalmente por las prestaciones laborales ofrecidas en la formalidad. Por otro lado, la eficiencia recaudatoria baja reduce el costo de las empresas por operar en la informalidad, creando un incentivo para este sector. Asimismo, las empresas formales demandarán mano de obra informal, derivado de la amenaza no creíble de castigo. El objetivo del documento es modelar el mercado laboral considerando estos incentivos económicos. Se encuentra que es necesario revisar los programas sociales que sustituyen las prestaciones formales como el Seguro Popular, al tiempo que se mejora la eficiencia recaudatoria para salir de equilibrios no óptimos en términos de empleo y crecimiento económico./ Firms and individuals face economic incentives that affect their decision about to operate either formal or informal sector. In Mexico, the Seguro Popular acts as incentive towards informality because, its free origin, reduces the cost of illnesses and allows a greater consumption level; this reverts the natural bias of the labor remuneration offered in the formal sector. On the other hand, low tax collection efficiency reduces cost that firms have to deal for operating at the informal sector, establishing an incentive for this sector. Also, formal firms will demand informal labor force, since the no credible menace for punishment. The aim of the paper is to model the labor market regarding these economic incentives. It is found that it is necessary to re-view social programs that substitutes formal remunerations, such as Seguro Popular, while improving tax collection efficiency in order to go out of not optimal equilibrium in terms of labor and economic growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Neme-Castillo, Omar. & Flores-Márquez, Héctor., 2015. "Incentivos económicos en la decisión de individuos y empresas para operar en el sector formal o informal: seguro popular y eficiencia recaudatoria," Panorama Económico, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, vol. 0(21), pages 121-149, segundo s.
    • Handle: RePEc:ipn:panora:v:xi:y:2015:i:21:p:121-149
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joshua Aizenman & Yothin Jinjarak, 2008. "The collection efficiency of the Value Added Tax: Theory and international evidence," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 391-410.
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • E26 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • E23 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Production
    • O21 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Planning Models; Planning Policy

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