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New Insights into Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks

Author

Listed:
  • Armin Seyfried

    (Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany)

  • Oliver Passon

    (Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany)

  • Bernhard Steffen

    (Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany)

  • Maik Boltes

    (Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany)

  • Tobias Rupprecht

    (Institute for Building Material Technology and Fire Safety Science, University of Wuppertal, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany)

  • Wolfram Klingsch

    (Institute for Building Material Technology and Fire Safety Science, University of Wuppertal, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany)

Abstract

Capacity estimation is an important tool for the design and dimensioning of pedestrian facilities. The literature contains different procedures and specifications that show considerable differences with respect to the estimated flow values. Moreover, new experimental data indicate a stepwise growth of capacity with width and thus challenge the validity of the specific flow concept. To resolve these differences, we experimentally studied the unidirectional pedestrian flow through bottlenecks under laboratory conditions. The time development of quantities such as individual velocities, density, and individual time gaps in bottlenecks of different widths is presented. The data show a linear growth of flow with width. The comparison of the results with experimental data from other authors indicates that the basic assumption of the capacity estimation for bottlenecks has to be revised. In contrast to most planning guidelines, our main result is that a jam occurs even if the incoming flow does not overstep the capacity defined by the maximum flow according to the fundamental diagram.

Suggested Citation

  • Armin Seyfried & Oliver Passon & Bernhard Steffen & Maik Boltes & Tobias Rupprecht & Wolfram Klingsch, 2009. "New Insights into Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 43(3), pages 395-406, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:inm:ortrsc:v:43:y:2009:i:3:p:395-406
    DOI: 10.1287/trsc.1090.0263
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lam, William H. K. & Lee, Jodie Y. S. & Chan, K. S. & Goh, P. K., 2003. "A generalised function for modeling bi-directional flow effects on indoor walkways in Hong Kong," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 37(9), pages 789-810, November.
    2. Nagai, Ryoichi & Fukamachi, Masahiro & Nagatani, Takashi, 2006. "Evacuation of crawlers and walkers from corridor through an exit," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 367(C), pages 449-460.
    3. Serge P. Hoogendoorn & W. Daamen, 2005. "Pedestrian Behavior at Bottlenecks," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 39(2), pages 147-159, May.
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