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Testing for Marginal Changes in Income Distributions with Lorenz and Concentration Curves

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  • Bishop, John A
  • Chow, K Victor
  • Formby, John P

Abstract

Asymptotically distribution free statistical tests for comparing absolute and relative Lorenz and concentration curves are provided. The procedures do not require independent samples and can be used to test for marginal changes in income distributions. The tests are illustrated using a large sample of tax returns that have been randomly selected for audit by the Internal Revenue Service. The tests reveal the marginal effects of systematic underreporting of income and tax liabilities on the U.S. income distribution. Copyright 1994 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.

Suggested Citation

  • Bishop, John A & Chow, K Victor & Formby, John P, 1994. "Testing for Marginal Changes in Income Distributions with Lorenz and Concentration Curves," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 35(2), pages 479-488, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:ier:iecrev:v:35:y:1994:i:2:p:479-88
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. André DECOSTER & Guy VAN CAMP, 2000. "Redistributive Effects of the Shift from Personal Income Taxes to Indirect Taxes: Belgium 1988-1993," Working Papers of Department of Economics, Leuven ces0007, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Economics, Leuven.
    2. María Jesús Freire‐Serén & Judith Panadés, 2008. "Does Tax Evasion Modify the Redistributive Effect of Tax Progressivity?," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 84(267), pages 486-495, December.
    3. Luca Crivelli & Paola Salari, 2012. "Fiscal federalism and income redistribution through healthcare financing: An empirical analysis for the Swiss cantons," CEPRA working paper 1204, USI Università della Svizzera italiana.
    4. John Bishop & K. Chow & John Formby & Chih-Chin Ho, 1997. "Did Tax Reform Reduce Actual US Progressivity? Evidence from the Taxpayer Compliance Measurement Program," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 4(2), pages 177-197, May.
    5. Ben Jann, 2016. "Estimating Lorenz and concentration curves in Stata," University of Bern Social Sciences Working Papers 15, University of Bern, Department of Social Sciences, revised 27 Oct 2016.
    6. Esfandiar Maasoumi & Almas Heshmati, 2000. "Stochastic dominance amongst swedish income distributions," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(3), pages 287-320.
    7. John A. Bishop & John P. Formby & Paul D. Thistle, 1999. "Mitigating Earnings Imputation Bias: Evidence from the CPS," Working Papers 9914, East Carolina University, Department of Economics.
    8. Cisse, Boubou & Luchini, Stephane & Moatti, Jean Paul, 2007. "Progressivity and horizontal equity in health care finance and delivery: What about Africa?," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(1), pages 51-68, January.
    9. Sven Neelsen & Owen O'Donnell, 2017. "Progressive universalism? The impact of targeted coverage on health care access and expenditures in Peru," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(12), pages 179-203, December.
    10. Buhong Zheng, 1999. "Statistical Inferences for Testing Marginal Rank and (Generalized) Lorenz Dominances," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 65(3), pages 557-570, January.
    11. John A. Bishop & Jonathan M. Lee & Lester A. Zeager, 2017. "Incorporating spatial price adjustments in U.S. public policy analysis," Working Papers 438, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    12. Mingsheng Chen & Zhonghua Wang, 2022. "Benefits for Older People from Government Subsidies for Healthcare in China: Is the Distribution Equitable?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 160(2), pages 505-521, April.
    13. Klavus, Jan, 2001. "Statistical inference of progressivity dominance: an application to health care financing distributions," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 363-377, May.
    14. Shlomo Yitzhaki, 2003. "Gini’s Mean difference: a superior measure of variability for non-normal distributions," Metron - International Journal of Statistics, Dipartimento di Statistica, Probabilità e Statistiche Applicate - University of Rome, vol. 0(2), pages 285-316.
    15. Shlomo Yitzhaki & Edna Schechtman, 2004. "The Gini Instrumental Variable, or the “double instrumental variable” estimator," Metron - International Journal of Statistics, Dipartimento di Statistica, Probabilità e Statistiche Applicate - University of Rome, vol. 0(3), pages 287-313.
    16. John A. Bishop & K. Victor Chow & Feijun Luo & Lester A. Zeager, "undated". "Changes in Economic Advantage by National Origin After German Unification," Working Papers 0206, East Carolina University, Department of Economics.
    17. Abu-Zaineh, Mohammad & Mataria, Awad & Luchini, Stéphane & Moatti, Jean-Paul, 2008. "Equity in health care financing in Palestine: The value-added of the disaggregate approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(11), pages 2308-2320, June.
    18. Gabriel M. Leung & Keith Y. K. Tin & Owen O'Donnell, 2009. "Redistribution or horizontal equity in Hong Kong's mixed public–private health system: a policy conundrum," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(1), pages 37-54, January.
    19. Bishop John A. & Lee Jonathan M. & Zeager Lester A., 2018. "U.S. Income Comparisons with Regional Price Parity Adjustments," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, October.

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