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What matters in residential energy consumption: evidence from France

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  • Anna Risch
  • Claire Salmon

Abstract

Given the objectives countries set to realise energy savings and decrease greenhouse gas emissions, an understanding of the main factors driving household energy consumption is crucial in formulating effective policy measures. The objective of this study is to identify the main determinants of household energy consumption in French residences. The model uses a discrete-continuous decision framework that allows for interactions between decisions about the heating system (discrete choice) and about energy consumption (continuous choice). The results show that the intensity of energy used per square metre is almost completely determined by the technical properties of the dwelling and the climate. The role of socio-demographic variables is shown to be particularly small. The paper shows that to be effective, environmental policy must strongly encourage households to renovate and adopt energy-saving appliances.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Risch & Claire Salmon, 2017. "What matters in residential energy consumption: evidence from France," International Journal of Global Energy Issues, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 40(1/2), pages 79-116.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijgeni:v:40:y:2017:i:1/2:p:79-116
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    Cited by:

    1. Belaïd, Fateh & Garcia, Thomas, 2016. "Understanding the spectrum of residential energy-saving behaviours: French evidence using disaggregated data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 204-214.
    2. Jakučionytė-Skodienė, Miglė & Liobikienė, Genovaitė, 2023. "Changes in energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the Lithuanian household sector caused by environmental awareness and climate change policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    3. Dorothée Charlier & Sondès Kahouli, 2018. "Fuel poverty and residential energy demand: how fuel-poor households react to energy price fluctuations," Post-Print halshs-01957771, HAL.
    4. Salomé Bakaloglou and Dorothée Charlier, 2019. "Energy Consumption in the French Residential Sector: How Much do Individual Preferences Matter?," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 3).
    5. Gupta, Eshita & Thakur, Damini & Mukherjee, Gaurav, 2025. "Latent electricity demand for households: Unveiling the impact of power supply on appliance acquisition and usage in Bihar, Eastern India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    6. Risch, Anna, 2020. "Are environmental fiscal incentives effective in inducing energy-saving renovations? An econometric evaluation of the French energy tax credit," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    7. Iñigo Antepara & Lefkothea Papada & João Pedro Gouveia & Nikolas Katsoulakos & Dimitris Kaliampakos, 2020. "Improving Energy Poverty Measurement in Southern European Regions through Equivalization of Modeled Energy Costs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-21, July.
    8. Salomé Bakaloglou & Dorothée Charlier, 2018. "The role of individual preferences to explain the energy performance gap," Working Papers 2018.15, FAERE - French Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.
    9. Dorothée Charlier & Sondès Kahouli, 2019. "From Residential Energy Demand to Fuel Poverty: Income-induced Non-linearities in the Reactions of Households to Energy Price Fluctuations," The Energy Journal, , vol. 40(2), pages 101-138, March.
    10. Gechert, Sebastian & Mey, Bianka & Prante, Franz & Schäfer, Teresa, 2025. "The Price Elasticity of Heating and Cooling Energy Demand," OSF Preprints 4sjy5_v2, Center for Open Science.
    11. Jan POLCYN & Sebastian STĘPIEŃ & Bazyli CZYŹEWSKI, 2019. "The Measurement Of The Quality Of The Environment And Its Determinants In Poland In The Regional Perspective," Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, Faculty of Sciences, "1 Decembrie 1918" University, Alba Iulia, vol. 2(21), pages 1-1.
    12. Bakaloglou, Salomé & Charlier, Dorothée, 2021. "The role of individual preferences in explaining the energy performance gap," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    13. Wang, Yuanping & Hou, Lingchun & Cai, Weiguang & Zhou, Zhaoyin & Bian, Jing, 2023. "Exploring the drivers and influencing mechanisms of urban household electricity consumption in China - Based on longitudinal data at the provincial level," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    14. Charlier, Dorothée, 2021. "Explaining the energy performance gap in buildings with a latent profile analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    15. Mathilde Fajardy & David Reiner, 2020. "An overview of the electrification of residential and commercial heating and cooling and prospects for decarbonisation," Working Papers EPGR2037, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    16. Asmaa Tellache & Youcef Lazri & Abdelkader Laafer & Shady Attia, 2025. "Development of a Benchmark Model for Residential Buildings with a Mediterranean Climate: The Aero-Habitat in Algiers City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-25, January.
    17. Salomé Bakaloglou & Dorothée Charlier, 2019. "Energy Consumption in the French Residential Sector: How Much do Individual Preferences Matter?," The Energy Journal, , vol. 40(3), pages 77-100, May.
    18. Dorothée Charlier & Bérangère Legendre, 2021. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Aging: Disentangling Behavior from Energy Efficiency," Post-Print hal-03877220, HAL.
    19. Dorothée Charlier & Bérangère Legendre, 2020. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions and aging: Disentangling behavior from energy efficiency," Working Papers 2020.13, FAERE - French Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.
    20. Hanemann, Michael & Labandeira, Xavier & Labeaga, José M. & Vásquez-Lavín, Felipe, 2024. "Discrete-continuous models of residential energy demand: A comprehensive review," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    21. Dorothée Charlier, 2021. "Explaining the energy performance gap in buildings with a latent profile analysis," Post-Print hal-03894155, HAL.

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    JEL classification:

    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices

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