Measuring and Addressing Territorial Cohesion: A Framework for Regional Development in Portugal

This study develops a new methodological framework to assess territorial cohesion by integrating six critical dimensions: demography, equity, competitiveness, governance, sustainability, and connectivity. Rooted in the context of Portugal, the research addresses significant spatial disparities between metropolitan and inland regions, emphasizing the necessity of place-based policies. Using publicly available data and employing normalization techniques, the methodology ensures fair comparisons across municipalities with diverse characteristics. The findings highlight profound asymmetries, including demographic decline, unequal access to services, and variations in economic and governance performance. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions that align with the unique attributes and challenges of different territories. By incorporating governance and connectivity dimensions, the study advances traditional approaches to territorial cohesion, offering an analytical model of analysis. The framework provides practical tools for policymakers to design interventions aimed at fostering balanced and sustainable development. Furthermore, its adaptability ensures relevance in varied contexts, enabling replication in other regions facing similar challenges. The study’s conclusions highlight the importance of addressing territorial disparities through integrated policies that enhance equity, sustainability, and resilience, contributing to the global discourse on regional development and public policy design.