Optimising Pathology Logistics with Shared-Fleet Passenger and Freight Services: A Case Study on the Isle of Wight, UK

This study presents an optimisation algorithm to solve a collaborative vehicle routing problem with time windows. The algorithm was developed and tested on a real-world case study to investigate the potential for a shared-fleet operation involving public organisations, specifically, the Isle of Wight Council (IWC) and the National Health Service (NHS). The aim was to evaluate whether collaborative use of public-sector vehicles could reduce total fleet size, operational costs, and vehicle-kilometres travelled, while maintaining existing service levels. The study develops a two-stage optimisation algorithm that incorporates real-world constraints such as vehicle capacity, time windows, and pre-assigned mandatory stops. The first stage maximises the number of assignable collaborative tasks across fleets, while the second stage minimises the total travel cost conditional on this maximum assignment. Using historical data and a novel optimisation algorithm, vehicle movements were modelled to evaluate benefits in terms of cost savings, reduced CO 2 emissions and vehicle usage. The case study results generated by the algorithm suggested that considerable improvements could be made by integrating patient diagnostic collection rounds into the existing IWC minibus routes: (a 10.6% reduction in CO 2 emissions (644 kg/month) and vehicle kilometres (2300 km/month), a 20.2% reduction in working hours (219 h/month), and a 17.8% saving in cost (GBP (£) 3596/month) leading to IWC gaining a potential additional revenue of GBP (£) 54,829 annually while reducing costs by 22.4% for the NHS. The findings highlighted the potential benefits of shared fleet collaborations between public sector organisations, offering a model for similar collaborations in other public sector contexts.