IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v17y2025i12p5563-d1680964.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Methodology for Increasing Urban Greenery According to the 3-30-300 Concept: A Warsaw Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Katarzyna Siok

    (Institute of Geospatial Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Bartłomiej Wyrzykowski

    (Institute of Geospatial Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

The article presents an innovative methodology supporting sustainable urban development through the strategic expansion of green infrastructure in Warsaw, based on the 3-30-300 concept. The proposed approach integrates a multi-criteria Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) with Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, enabling objective and precise identification of suitable locations for new parks of at least 1 hectare in size. The analysis considers five key factors: distance from populated areas, land cover and use, surface temperature, proximity to nuisance facilities, and an NDVI index value. The study results demonstrated a significant increase in green space accessibility across the city. In all districts of Warsaw, the number of residential buildings meeting the criterion of a maximum 300 m distance to a park or forest increased—from 2% in Rembertów to 32% in Wilanów. The districts of Ursynów and Wilanów exceeded the 30% green space coverage threshold, while Białołęka reached 29%. These results indicate the real potential to achieve the goals of the 3-30-300 concept, contributing simultaneously to sustainable urban development, improved quality of life, mitigation of the urban heat island effect, increased biodiversity, and enhanced climate change adaptation. Spatial limitations related to high-density development were also identified—many districts lack available space for large parks. A viable solution supporting balanced development may lie in implementing smaller green forms, such as green squares or micro-parks, particularly in areas of planned development. The proposed methodology serves as a practical tool to support land-use management and sustainable spatial planning, addressing contemporary environmental, social, and urban challenges.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarzyna Siok & Bartłomiej Wyrzykowski, 2025. "Methodology for Increasing Urban Greenery According to the 3-30-300 Concept: A Warsaw Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-24, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:12:p:5563-:d:1680964
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/12/5563/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/12/5563/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cheng, Ching-Hsue & Yang, Kuo-Lung & Hwang, Chia-Lung, 1999. "Evaluating attack helicopters by AHP based on linguistic variable weight," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 116(2), pages 423-435, July.
    2. repec:plo:pone00:0239140 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Adile Yesim Yayla & Asil Oztekin & Alev Taskin Gumus & Angappa Gunasekaran, 2015. "A hybrid data analytic methodology for 3PL transportation provider evaluation using fuzzy multi-criteria decision making," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(20), pages 6097-6113, October.
    4. Krzysztof Mitelsztedt & Mariusz Ciesielski & Tomasz Hycza & Marek Lisańczuk & Kacper Guderski & Sylwia Kurpiewska & Krzysztof Korzeniewski, 2025. "Exploring the Possibilities of Implementing the ALS-Based 3-30-300 Concept for Urban Green Space Management in Small Municipalities," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, February.
    5. Calabrese, Armando & Costa, Roberta & Levialdi, Nathan & Menichini, Tamara, 2019. "Integrating sustainability into strategic decision-making: A fuzzy AHP method for the selection of relevant sustainability issues," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 155-168.
    6. Yijun Zhang & Suzanne Mavoa & Jinfeng Zhao & Deborah Raphael & Melody Smith, 2020. "The Association between Green Space and Adolescents’ Mental Well-Being: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-26, September.
    7. Beata Calka & Katarzyna Siok & Marta Szostak & Elzbieta Bielecka & Tomasz Kogut & Mohamed Zhran, 2025. "Improvement of the Reliability of Urban Park Location Results Through the Use of Fuzzy Logic Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-28, January.
    8. Chenying Li & Tiantian Zhang & Xi Wang & Zefeng Lian, 2022. "Site Selection of Urban Parks Based on Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP): A Case Study of Nanjing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-27, October.
    9. Mangla, Sachin Kumar & Kumar, Pradeep & Barua, Mukesh Kumar, 2015. "Risk analysis in green supply chain using fuzzy AHP approach: A case study," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 104(PB), pages 375-390.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jelena Lukić & Mirjana Misita & Dragan D. Milanović & Ankica Borota-Tišma & Aleksandra Janković, 2022. "Determining the Risk Level in Client Analysis by Applying Fuzzy Logic in Insurance Sector," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(18), pages 1-17, September.
    2. Christopher Knowles & Emma Thornton & Kathryn Mills-Webb & Kimberly Petersen & Jose Marquez & Sanja Stojiljković & Neil Humphrey, 2025. "Local Landscapes, Evolving Minds: Mechanisms of Neighbourhood Influence on Dual-State Mental Health Trajectories in Adolescence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(6), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Sajid Ali & Sang-Moon Lee & Choon-Man Jang, 2017. "Determination of the Most Optimal On-Shore Wind Farm Site Location Using a GIS-MCDM Methodology: Evaluating the Case of South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.
    4. Meng, Zhiyi & Li, Eldon Y. & Qiu, Rui, 2020. "Environmental sustainability with free-floating carsharing services: An on-demand refueling recommendation system for Car2go in Seattle," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    5. Zihan Cai & Sidong Zhao & Mengshi Huang & Congguo Zhang, 2023. "Evolution Model, Mechanism, and Performance of Urban Park Green Areas in the Grand Canal of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-28, December.
    6. Robin Hogrefe & Sabine Bohnet-Joschko, 2023. "The Social Dimension of Corporate Sustainability: Review of an Evolving Research Field," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-22, February.
    7. Sugumar Mariappanadar, 2025. "Human Capital to Implement Corporate Sustainability Business Strategies for Common Good," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-23, May.
    8. Alharmoodi, Ahmed Abdulla & Khan, Mehmood & Mertzanis, Charilaos & Gupta, Shivam & Mikalef, Patrick & Parida, Vinit, 2024. "Co-creation and critical factors for the development of an efficient public e-tourism system," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    9. Al-Ebbini, Lina & Oztekin, Asil & Chen, Yao, 2016. "FLAS: Fuzzy lung allocation system for US-based transplantations," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 248(3), pages 1051-1065.
    10. Morgan Alamandi, 2025. "Sustainable Innovation Management: Balancing Economic Growth and Environmental Responsibility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-31, May.
    11. Livio Cricelli & Serena Strazzullo, 2021. "The Economic Aspect of Digital Sustainability: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-15, July.
    12. Puppala, Harish & Peddinti, Pranav R.T. & Tamvada, Jagannadha Pawan & Ahuja, Jaya & Kim, Byungmin, 2023. "Barriers to the adoption of new technologies in rural areas: The case of unmanned aerial vehicles for precision agriculture in India," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    13. Vivek Agrawal & Rajendra P. Mohanty & Sucheta Agarwal & Jitendra Kumar Dixit & Anand M. Agrawal, 2023. "Analyzing critical success factors for sustainable green supply chain management," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(8), pages 8233-8258, August.
    14. Felipe Lillo-Viedma & Pedro Severino-González & Valentin Santander-Ramírez & Leidy Y. García & Nataly Guiñez-Cabrera & Nicolás Astorga-Bustos, 2022. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Network Analysis: Unionized Workers’ Perceptions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, April.
    15. Megan Rowley & Raluca Topciu & Matthew Owens, 2022. "A Systematic Review of Mechanisms Underpinning Psychological Change Following Nature Exposure in an Adolescent Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-22, October.
    16. Bottero, Marta & Bravi, Marina & Caprioli, Caterina & Dell'Anna, Federico, 2023. "Combining Revealed and Stated Preferences to design a new urban park in a metropolitan area of North-Western Italy," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 483(C).
    17. Amber L. Pearson & Catherine D. Brown & Aaron Reuben & Natalie Nicholls & Karin A. Pfeiffer & Kimberly A. Clevenger, 2023. "Elementary Classroom Views of Nature Are Associated with Lower Child Externalizing Behavior Problems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(9), pages 1-14, April.
    18. Na’Taki Osborne Jelks & Viniece Jennings & Alessandro Rigolon, 2021. "Green Gentrification and Health: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-23, January.
    19. Stefan Jovčić & Petr Průša, 2021. "A Hybrid MCDM Approach in Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Provider Selection," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(21), pages 1-19, October.
    20. Maximilian Zarte & Agnes Pechmann & Isabel L. Nunes, 2022. "Problems, Needs, and Challenges of a Sustainability-Based Production Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:12:p:5563-:d:1680964. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.