Blockchain and the Future of Sustainable Corporate Accounting: A Behavioral Perspective from Vietnam’s Manufacturing Industry

Blockchain technology has recently emerged as a transformative innovation with the potential to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency, key pillars of sustainable financial and accounting systems. Despite its relevance to sustainable digital transformation, the adoption of blockchain in accounting practices remains limited, particularly in developing economies such as Vietnam. This study investigates the behavioral factors influencing the intention to adopt blockchain in financial accounting among manufacturing enterprises, drawing on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Survey data from 320 Vietnamese manufacturing firms were analyzed using Cronbach’s Alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine both direct effects and mediating pathways. The results reveal that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and perceived cost significantly affect attitudes, which in turn strongly predict intentions to adopt blockchain. Attitudes also partially mediate these relationships, underscoring their central role in shaping sustainable technology adoption behavior. Notably, trust in technology does not exert a significant influence, suggesting that practical and organizational enablers outweigh individual-level trust in this context. This study contributes to the emerging literature on blockchain-enabled sustainable accounting by extending the UTAUT–TPB framework and offering insights for policymakers, technology providers, and managers aiming to foster sustainability-driven digital transformation in financial practices.