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An Optimization Algorithm for Embedded Raspberry Pi Pico Controllers for Solar Tree Systems

Author

Listed:
  • K. Punitha

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, P. S. R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, Tamil Nadu, India)

  • Akhlaqur Rahman

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Automation, Engineering Institute of Technology, Melbourne Campus, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia)

  • A. S. Radhamani

    (Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Nagercoil 629901, Tamil Nadu, India)

  • Ramakrishna S. S. Nuvvula

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Karkala 574110, Karnataka, India)

  • Sk. A. Shezan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Automation, Engineering Institute of Technology, Melbourne Campus, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia)

  • Syed Riyaz Ahammed

    (Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Karkala 574110, Karnataka, India)

  • Polamarasetty P. Kumar

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Razam 532127, Andhra Pradesh, India)

  • Md Fatin Ishraque

    (Department of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna 6600, Bangladesh)

Abstract

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems stand out as a promising solution for generating clean, carbon-free energy. However, traditional solar panel installations often require extensive land resources, which could become scarce as the population grows. To address this challenge, innovative approaches are needed to maximize solar power generation within limited spaces. One promising concept involves the development of biological tree-like structures housing solar panels. These “solar trees” mimic the arrangement of branches and leaves found in natural trees, following patterns akin to phyllotaxy, which correlates with the Fibonacci sequence and golden ratio. By adopting an alternative 1:3 phyllotaxy pattern, three solar panels can be efficiently arranged along the stem of the solar tree structure, each rotated at a 120-degree displacement. Optimizing the performance of solar trees requires effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT), a crucial process for extracting the maximum available power from solar panels to enhance the overall efficiency. In this study, a novel metaheuristic algorithm called horse herd optimization (HHO) is employed for MPPT in solar tree applications. Moreover, to efficiently manage the generated power, a cascaded buck–boost converter is utilized. This converter is capable of adjusting the DC voltage levels to match the system requirements within a single topology. The algorithm is implemented using MATLAB and embedded within a Raspberry Pi Pico controller, which facilitates the generation of pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals to control the cascaded buck–boost converter. Through extensive validation, this study confirms the effectiveness of the proposed HHO algorithm integrated into the Raspberry Pi Pico controller for optimizing solar trees under various shading conditions. In essence, this research highlights the potential of solar tree structures coupled with advanced MPPT algorithms and power management systems to maximize solar energy utilization, offering a sustainable solution for clean energy generation within limited land resources.

Suggested Citation

  • K. Punitha & Akhlaqur Rahman & A. S. Radhamani & Ramakrishna S. S. Nuvvula & Sk. A. Shezan & Syed Riyaz Ahammed & Polamarasetty P. Kumar & Md Fatin Ishraque, 2024. "An Optimization Algorithm for Embedded Raspberry Pi Pico Controllers for Solar Tree Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-26, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:9:p:3788-:d:1386774
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rizzo, Santi Agatino & Scelba, Giacomo, 2015. "ANN based MPPT method for rapidly variable shading conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 124-132.
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