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Mitigation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice–Wheat Cropping Systems with Sub-Surface Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Water-Saving Irrigation

Author

Listed:
  • Yam Kanta Gaihre

    (International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661, USA)

  • Wendie D. Bible

    (International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661, USA)

  • Upendra Singh

    (International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661, USA)

  • Joaquin Sanabria

    (International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661, USA)

  • Khagendra Raj Baral

    (Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK)

Abstract

Management of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation can play a critical role to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, the impacts of N application at the root zone via urea briquette deep placement (UDP) and water-saving irrigation alternate wetting and drying (AWD) on N 2 O emissions are not well-understood. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the impacts of UDP on N 2 O emissions, NUE, and grain yields of rice and wheat compared with broadcast prilled urea (PU). For rice, the effect of UDP was evaluated under continuous flooding (CF) and AWD, while the control (no N) and PU were tested only under CF. In rice, UDP under CF irrigation produced similar emissions to PU-CF, but UDP under AWD irrigation increased emissions by 4.5-fold compared with UDP under CF. UDP under CF irrigation increased ( p < 0.05) rice grain yields and N recovery efficiency (RE) by 26% and 124% compared with PU-CF, respectively. In wheat, UDP had no effects ( p > 0.05) on emissions compared with PU. However, it produced higher wheat grain yields (9%) and RE (35%) over PU. In conclusion, UDP under CF irrigation increases the RE and grain yields of rice without increasing N 2 O emissions, but the yield may reduce and N 2 O emissions may increase under AWD.

Suggested Citation

  • Yam Kanta Gaihre & Wendie D. Bible & Upendra Singh & Joaquin Sanabria & Khagendra Raj Baral, 2023. "Mitigation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice–Wheat Cropping Systems with Sub-Surface Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Water-Saving Irrigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:7530-:d:1139223
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hanqin Tian & Rongting Xu & Josep G. Canadell & Rona L. Thompson & Wilfried Winiwarter & Parvadha Suntharalingam & Eric A. Davidson & Philippe Ciais & Robert B. Jackson & Greet Janssens-Maenhout & Mic, 2020. "A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks," Nature, Nature, vol. 586(7828), pages 248-256, October.
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