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Managing Social Presence in Collaborative Learning with Agent Facilitation

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  • Bumho Lee

    (Graduate School of Data Science, Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea)

  • Jinwoo Kim

    (HCI Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

As interest in online learning has increased, studies utilizing a social system for the innovation of lecture/learning environments have attracted attention recently. To establish a sustainable social environment in the online learning system, prior research investigated strategies to improve and manage the social presence of collaborators (e.g., students, AI facilitators, etc.) in an online lecture. Nevertheless, the negative effect of social presence was often neglected, which leads to a lack of comprehensiveness in managing social presence in an online lecturing environment. In the study, we intend to investigate the influence of social presence with both positive (student engagement) and negative (information overload) aspects on the learning experience by formulating a structural equation model. To test the model, we implemented an experimental online lecture system for the introductory session of human–computer interaction, and data from 83 participants were collected. The model was analyzed with Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The result shows the social presence of the collaborators influences both student engagement (other learners: β = 0.239, t = 2.187) and information overload (agent facilitator: β = 0.492, t = 6.163; other learners: β = 0.168, t = 1.672). The result also supports that student engagement is influenced by information overload as well (β = −0.490, t = 3.712). These positive and negative factors of social presence influence learning attainment (student engagement: β = 0.183, t = 1.680), satisfaction (student engagement: β = 0.385, t = 3.649; information overload: β = −0.292, t = 2.343), and learning efficacy (student engagement: β = 0.424, t = 2.543). Thus, it corroborates that a change in the level of social presence influences student engagement and information overload; furthermore, it confirms that the effect of changes in social presence is reflected differently depending on learning attainment and experience.

Suggested Citation

  • Bumho Lee & Jinwoo Kim, 2023. "Managing Social Presence in Collaborative Learning with Agent Facilitation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-26, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:6185-:d:1115472
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chiemela Victor Amaechi & Ebube Charles Amaechi & Abiodun Kolawole Oyetunji & Irish Mpho Kgosiemang, 2022. "Scientific Review and Annotated Bibliography of Teaching in Higher Education Academies on Online Learning: Adapting to the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-25, September.
    2. Jeongju Lee & Hae-Deok Song & Ah Jeong Hong, 2019. "Exploring Factors, and Indicators for Measuring Students’ Sustainable Engagement in e-Learning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Delei Yang & Jun Zhu & Qingbin Cui & Qinghua He & Xian Zheng, 2021. "The Diffusion Mechanism of Megaproject Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Institutional Isomorphism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-19, July.
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