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Effect of Carbon Content in Wheat Straw Biochar on N 2 O and CO 2 Emissions and Pakchoi Productivity Under Different Soil Moisture Conditions

Author

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  • Amar Ali Adam Hamad

    (College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Lixiao Ni

    (College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

  • Hiba Shaghaleh

    (College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Elsayed Elsadek

    (College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
    Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt)

  • Yousef Alhaj Hamoud

    (College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

Abstract

Agricultural soils are a primary source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Biochar is commonly used as a soil amendment to prevent climate change by reducing GHG production, increasing soil carbon storage, improving soil moisture retention, and enhancing crop productivity. However, the impact of biochar’s carbon content under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has not been well studied. Here, we investigated the effect of different carbon (C) contents in wheat biochar under different SDI depths on soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), soil moisture distribution, and Pakchoi productivity. A pot experiment was conducted using three SDI depths, emitters buried at 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 m below the soil’s surface, and three levels of C content named zero biochar (CK), 50% C (low (L)), and 95% C (high (H)) in greenhouse cultivation. The findings showed biochar significantly decreased N 2 O and CO 2 emissions. Compared to CK, the L and H treatments decreased N 2 O by (18.20, 28.14%), (16.65, 17.51%), and 11.05, 18.65%) under SDI 5 , SDI 10 , and SDI 15 , respectively. Similarly, the L and H treatments decreased CO 2 by (8.05, 31.46%), (6.96, 28.88%), and (2.97, 7.89%) under SDI 5 , SDI 10 , and SDI 15, respectively. Compared to CK, L and H increased soil moisture content. All plant growth parameters and yield traits were enhanced under SDI 5 . In summary, biochar addition significantly decreased soil N 2 O and CO 2 emissions compared to CK, and increased growth performance and yield, and maintained soil moisture content. The H treatment significantly reduced N 2 O and CO 2 emissions, increased plant growth and yield, and maintained soil moisture content compared to the L treatment. Soil moisture was reduced vertically and horizontally with increased radial distance from the emitter.

Suggested Citation

  • Amar Ali Adam Hamad & Lixiao Ni & Hiba Shaghaleh & Elsayed Elsadek & Yousef Alhaj Hamoud, 2023. "Effect of Carbon Content in Wheat Straw Biochar on N 2 O and CO 2 Emissions and Pakchoi Productivity Under Different Soil Moisture Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:5100-:d:1096320
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xinna Liu & Jie Zhang & Qian Wang & Hiba Shaghaleh & Tingting Chang & Yousef Alhaj Hamoud, 2022. "Modification of Soil Physical Properties by Maize Straw Biochar and Earthworm Manure to Enhance Hydraulic Characteristics under Greenhouse Condition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Qi Wei & Junzeng Xu & Yawei Li & Linxian Liao & Boyi Liu & Guangqiu Jin & Fazli Hameed, 2018. "Reducing Surface Wetting Proportion of Soils Irrigated by Subsurface Drip Irrigation Can Mitigate Soil N 2 O Emission," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Yanan Xiao & Shihong Yang & Junzeng Xu & Jie Ding & Xiao Sun & Zewei Jiang, 2018. "Effect of Biochar Amendment on Methane Emissions from Paddy Field under Water-Saving Irrigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Shihong Yang & Zewei Jiang & Xiao Sun & Jie Ding & Junzeng Xu, 2018. "Effects of Biochar Amendment on CO 2 Emissions from Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-12, November.
    5. Martínez-Gimeno, M.A. & Bonet, L. & Provenzano, G. & Badal, E. & Intrigliolo, D.S. & Ballester, C., 2018. "Assessment of yield and water productivity of clementine trees under surface and subsurface drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 209-216.
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