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Effects of Biochar Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Rapeseed Yield and Soil Aggregate Stability in Upland of Purple Soils

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  • Xiaoqin Tian

    (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
    Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
    Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China)

  • Zhuo Li

    (Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China)

  • Longchang Wang

    (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
    Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China)

  • Yifan Wang

    (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
    Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China)

  • Biao Li

    (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
    Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China)

  • Meichun Duan

    (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
    Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China)

  • Bangyan Liu

    (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
    Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China)

Abstract

Reduction of soil fertility and production efficiency resulting from excessive application of chemical fertilizers is universal in rapeseed-growing fields. The main objective of our study was to assess the effects of biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer reduction on soil aggregate stability and rapeseed yield and to identify the relationship between yield and soil aggregate stability. A two-factor field experiment (2017–2019) was conducted with biochar (0 (C 0 ), 10 (C 10 ), 20 (C 20 ) and 40 t·ha −1 (C 40 )) and nitrogen fertilizer (180 (N 100 ), 144 (N 80 ) and 108 kg N·ha −1 (N 60 )). Experimental results indicated that under N 100 and N 80 treatments, C 10 significantly increased the macro-aggregates (R 0.25 ), mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil water stable aggregate by 14.28%–15.85%, 14.88%–17.08% and 36.26%–42.22%, respectively, compared with C 0 . Besides, the overall difference of the soil water-stable aggregate content in 2–5 mm size range among nitrogen treatments was significant under the application of C 10 , which increased by 17.04%–33.04% compared with C 0 . Total organic carbon (TOC) in R 0.25 of soil mechanical-stable aggregates was basically all increased after biochar application, especially in 0.25–1 mm and 1–2 mm aggregates, and had an increasing trend with biochar increase. C 10 significantly increased rapeseed yield by 22.08%–45.65% in 2019, compared with C 0 . However, the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the two-year average rapeseed yield, which decreased by 11.67%–31.67% compared with N 100 . The highest yield of rapeseed was obtained by N 100 C 10 in two consecutive years, which had no statistical difference with N 80 C 10 . However, the two-year yields of N 80 C 10 were all higher than those of N 100 C 0 with increase rate of 16.11%, and which would reduce 35.43% nitrogen fertilizer in the case of small yield difference, compared with the highest yield (2.67 t·ha −1 ) calculated by multi-dimensional nonlinear regression models. The regression analysis indicated R 0.25 , MWD and GMD had the strong positive associations with rapeseed yield, whereas percentage of aggregate destruction (PAD 0.25 ) had a significant negative correlation with rapeseed yield. This study suggests that the application of biochar into upland purple soil could improve soil structure, increase the content of TOC in macro-aggregates under nitrogen fertilizer reduction as well as replace part of nitrogen fertilizer to achieve relatively high rapeseed yield.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoqin Tian & Zhuo Li & Longchang Wang & Yifan Wang & Biao Li & Meichun Duan & Bangyan Liu, 2019. "Effects of Biochar Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Rapeseed Yield and Soil Aggregate Stability in Upland of Purple Soils," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2019:i:1:p:279-:d:303535
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shihong Yang & Zewei Jiang & Xiao Sun & Jie Ding & Junzeng Xu, 2018. "Effects of Biochar Amendment on CO 2 Emissions from Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-12, November.
    2. Man Liu & Guilin Han & Qian Zhang, 2019. "Effects of Soil Aggregate Stability on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen under Land Use Change in an Erodible Region in Southwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-14, October.
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