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Water Resources Evaluation and Sustainability Considering Climate Change and Future Anthropic Demands in the Arequipa Region of Southern Peru

Author

Listed:
  • Jonathan A. Quiroz

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
    INTERA Inc., Austin, TX 78759, USA)

  • Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
    Intergubernamental Hydrological Programme, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Montevideo 11200, Uruguay)

  • Gisella Martínez

    (Facultad de Geología, Geofísica y Minas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04001, Peru)

  • Kattia Martínez

    (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04001, Peru)

  • Teresa Tejada-Purizaca

    (Facultad de Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04001, Peru)

  • Kyle E. Murray

    (Murray GeoConsulting, LLC, Denver, CO 80215, USA)

  • John E. McCray

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA)

Abstract

Climate change and increases in human activities are threatening water availability in the Arequipa Region (southern Peru). However, to date, there has not been a comprehensive inventory of surface water data or an investigation of current surface water conditions or forecasted future conditions resulting from increased anthropic demand or stresses from climate change. This study evaluates surface water resources management including storage, diversions, and conveyance in the Arequipa Region, while creating a tool for the evaluation of future scenarios in the five main watersheds of this arid region of southern Peru. State-of-the art, open-source modeling software was used. Water uses for each watershed were evaluated against predicted reservoir inflows and streamflows for different periods. In addition to the above, 12 climate change models and different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) were ensembled for the five watersheds. A semi-distributed approach and an innovative simulation splitting approach was used for each watershed, which allowed for different starting dates for the simulations using all available data obtained from different sources (government and private). Results indicate that the region is expected to have increased flows during the wet season and no significant changes during the dry season. Reservoir inflows are expected to increase up to 42 and 216% for the lowest and highest SSP evaluated, respectively. Similarly, the model projected streamflow increases up to 295 and 704%, respectively. Regarding yearly water availability and considering current and future demands for the watersheds under study, water deficits are not expected in the future if current reservoir storage can be maintained, though it is expected that reservoirs won’t be able to store predicted higher flows, so important volumes of water could be lost during the wet season to the ocean by natural drainage. Given the uncertainty of climate change projections, if future water sustainability is desired, storage and irrigation efficiencies should be improved and reservoir sedimentation should be evaluated.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan A. Quiroz & Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich & Gisella Martínez & Kattia Martínez & Teresa Tejada-Purizaca & Kyle E. Murray & John E. McCray, 2023. "Water Resources Evaluation and Sustainability Considering Climate Change and Future Anthropic Demands in the Arequipa Region of Southern Peru," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-31, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:23:p:16270-:d:1287039
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael L. Wilson & Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili, 2013. "The Importance of Free and Open Source Software and Open Standards in Modern Scientific Publishing," Publications, MDPI, vol. 1(2), pages 1-7, June.
    2. Knox, J.W. & Kay, M.G. & Weatherhead, E.K., 2012. "Water regulation, crop production, and agricultural water management—Understanding farmer perspectives on irrigation efficiency," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 3-8.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lino F. Morales-Paredes & Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich & Giuliana Romero-Mariscal & Armando Arenazas-Rodriguez & Juana Ticona-Quea & Teresa R. Tejada-Purizaca & Gary Vanzin & Jonathan O. Sharp, 2025. "Chromium Remediation from Tannery Wastewater in Arequipa, Peru: Local Experiences and Prospects for Sustainable Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-28, February.

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