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Formation Kinetics Evaluation for Designing Sustainable Carbon Dioxide-Based Hydrate Desalination via Tryptophan as a Biodegradable Hydrate Promotor

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Saad Khan

    (CO2 Research Centre (CO2RES), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Bhajan Lal

    (CO2 Research Centre (CO2RES), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
    Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Hani Abulkhair

    (Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
    Mechanical Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia)

  • Iqbal Ahmed

    (Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
    Mechanical Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia)

  • Azmi Mohd Shariff

    (CO2 Research Centre (CO2RES), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
    Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Eydhah Almatrafi

    (Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
    Mechanical Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdulmohsen Alsaiari

    (Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
    Mechanical Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia)

  • Omar Bamaga

    (Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
    Mechanical Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Desalination using hydrates is a developing field, and initial research promises a commercially feasible approach. The current study proposes the natural amino acid, namely tryptophan, as a biodegradable gas hydrate promotor for desalination applications to speed up the hydrate formation process. Its kinetic behavior and separation capabilities with CO 2 hydrates were investigated. The studies were carried out with varying concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 wt.%) of tryptophan at different experimental temperatures (274.15, 275.15, 276.15, and 277.15 K) at 3.5 and 4.0 MPa pressure and 1 wt.% brine concentration. The induction time, initial formation rates, gas uptake, and water recovery are characterized and reported in this work. Overall finding demonstrated that tryptophan efficiently acted as a kinetic hydrate promotor (KHP), and increased tryptophan quantities further supported the hydrate formation for almost all the studied conditions. The formation kinetics also demonstrated that it shortens the hydrate induction time by 50.61% and increases the 144.5% initial formation rate of CO 2 hydrates for 1 wt.% addition of tryptophan at 274 K temperature and 4.0 MPa pressure condition. The study also discovered that at similar experimental conditions, 1 wt.% tryptophan addition improved gas uptake by 124% and water recovery moles by 121%. Furthermore, the increased concentrations of tryptophan (0.5–2 wt.%) further enhance the formation kinetics of CO 2 hydrates due to the hydrophobic nature of tryptophan. Findings also revealed a meaningful link between hydrate formation and operating pressure observed for the exact temperature settings. High pressures facilitate the hydrate formation by reduced induction times with relatively higher formation rates, highlighting the subcooling effect on hydrate formation conditions. Overall, it can be concluded that using tryptophan as a biodegradable kinetic promotor considerably enhances the hydrate-based desalination process, making it more sustainable and cost-effective.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Saad Khan & Bhajan Lal & Hani Abulkhair & Iqbal Ahmed & Azmi Mohd Shariff & Eydhah Almatrafi & Abdulmohsen Alsaiari & Omar Bamaga, 2023. "Formation Kinetics Evaluation for Designing Sustainable Carbon Dioxide-Based Hydrate Desalination via Tryptophan as a Biodegradable Hydrate Promotor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:788-:d:1022144
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kadam, Sambhaji T. & Kyriakides, Alexios-Spyridon & Khan, Muhammad Saad & Shehabi, Mohammad & Papadopoulos, Athanasios I. & Hassan, Ibrahim & Rahman, Mohammad Azizur & Seferlis, Panos, 2022. "Thermo-economic and environmental assessment of hybrid vapor compression-absorption refrigeration systems for district cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    2. Muhammad Saad Khan & Cornelius Borecho Bavoh & Mohammad Azizur Rahman & Bhajan Lal & Ato Kwamena Quainoo & Abdulhalim Shah Maulud, 2020. "Assessing the Alkyl Chain Effect of Ammonium Hydroxides Ionic Liquids on the Kinetics of Pure Methane and Carbon Dioxide Hydrates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Saidur, R. & Elcevvadi, E.T. & Mekhilef, S. & Safari, A. & Mohammed, H.A., 2011. "An overview of different distillation methods for small scale applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4756-4764.
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