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The Southern Model Revisited: The Intersection of Race, Ethnicity, Immigration, and Health and Safety in Poultry Processing

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  • Douglas H. Constance

    (Department of Sociology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA)

  • Jin Young Choi

    (Department of Sociology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA)

  • Mary K. Hendrickson

    (Division of Applied Social Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA)

Abstract

This research combines a sociology of agrifood conceptual framework with a commodity systems analysis methodology to investigate the nexus of race, ethnicity, immigration, and health and safety in the US poultry processing industry. The poultry industry was the first agricultural sector to industrialize. Through vertical and horizontal integration, the industry is dominated by a few powerful firms. The industry has been criticized for multiple ethical failures regarding contract growers, processing plant workers, and communities. Meat and poultry processing is one of the most dangerous manufacturing jobs in the United States. Poultry processing is especially reliant on a non-union, minority, and immigrant labor force. This “Southern Model” is the preferred model of agrifood globalization. The COVID pandemic brought renewed attention to precarious work in poultry processing and exposed the lack of resilience in the agrifood system in general, and the poultry industry in particular.

Suggested Citation

  • Douglas H. Constance & Jin Young Choi & Mary K. Hendrickson, 2023. "The Southern Model Revisited: The Intersection of Race, Ethnicity, Immigration, and Health and Safety in Poultry Processing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13945-:d:1243664
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mary K. Hendrickson, 2020. "Covid lays bare the brittleness of a concentrated and consolidated food system," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 37(3), pages 579-580, September.
    2. M. Nyström & J.-B. Jouffray & A. V. Norström & B. Crona & P. Søgaard Jørgensen & S. R. Carpenter & Ö. Bodin & V. Galaz & C. Folke, 2019. "Anatomy and resilience of the global production ecosystem," Nature, Nature, vol. 575(7781), pages 98-108, November.
    3. Francisco Martinez-Gomez & Gilberto Aboites-Manrique & Douglas Constance, 2013. "Neoliberal restructuring, neoregulation, and the Mexican poultry industry," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 30(4), pages 495-510, December.
    4. Reimund, Donn A. & Martin, J. Rod & Moore, Charles V., 1981. "Structural Change in Agriculture: The Experience for Broilers, Fed Cattle, and Processing Vegetables," Technical Bulletins 157701, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    5. William Kandel & Emilio A. Parrado, 2005. "Restructuring of the US Meat Processing Industry and New Hispanic Migrant Destinations," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 31(3), pages 447-471, September.
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