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A Comprehensive Review of Performance Augmentation of Solar Stills Using Common Non-Metallic Nanofluids

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  • Anwur Alenezi

    (Water Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait)

  • Yousef Alabaiadly

    (Power Stations and Water Distillation Sector, Ministry of Electricity and Water, Ministries Zone 12010, Kuwait)

Abstract

All living organisms depend on water for their survival. Therefore, sufficient water availability is necessary for health. During the last few years, considerable progress has been made in the production of clean drinking water—particularly in the desalination industry. Various methods have been explored to boost the productivity of solar stills. The present review focuses on recent enhancement techniques aimed at boosting their performance—particularly those incorporating non-metallic nanofluids into the base fluid. The nanomaterials examined in this review include Al 2 O 3 , CuO, ZnO, and TiO 2 . Several studies adding Al 2 O 3 in a solar-still desalination system resulted in an increase in distillate yield, better efficiency, reduced energy consumption, reduced thermal loss, and better productivity. The incorporation of CuO in a solar-still desalination system led to major improvements in performance. These included enhanced daily efficiency, better productivity, improved production of freshwater, and higher energy and exergy efficiency. The incorporation of TiO 2 in a solar-still desalination system resulted in increased productivity, better thermal conductivity, better thermal efficiency, higher daily distillate output, and high levels of water temperature. It was also evident that the incorporation of ZnO in a solar-still desalination system resulted in a substantial increase in the output of clean water and occasioned improvements in productivity and overall efficiency. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential of these nanomaterials to significantly enhance the performance of solar-still desalination systems. Other nanomaterials that are yet to gain increased use, such as SiO 2 and SnO 2 , have also been discussed. The collective results in this paper demonstrate the potential of nanofluids to enhance the performance and effectiveness of solar-still desalination systems. This review provides conclusive evidence of the positive effects of different nanofluids on the yield, productivity, energy, and efficiency of diverse types of solar stills, offering promising advancements in the sustainable production of water.

Suggested Citation

  • Anwur Alenezi & Yousef Alabaiadly, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Performance Augmentation of Solar Stills Using Common Non-Metallic Nanofluids," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10122-:d:1179803
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ghaffour, Noreddine & Lattemann, Sabine & Missimer, Thomas & Ng, Kim Choon & Sinha, Shahnawaz & Amy, Gary, 2014. "Renewable energy-driven innovative energy-efficient desalination technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 1155-1165.
    2. Abdelgaied, Mohamed & Kabeel, A.E., 2021. "Performance improvement of pyramid solar distillers using a novel combination of absorber surface coated with CuO nano black paint, reflective mirrors, and PCM with pin fins," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 494-501.
    3. Kabeel, A.E. & Abdelgaied, Mohamed & Eisa, Amr, 2019. "Effect of graphite mass concentrations in a mixture of graphite nanoparticles and paraffin wax as hybrid storage materials on performances of solar still," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 119-128.
    4. Naseer T. Alwan & Sergey E. Shcheklein & Obed Majeed Ali & Milia H. Majeed & Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, 2021. "Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of a Modified Single-Slope Solar Still with an External Solar Water Heater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-25, November.
    5. Rashidi, Saman & Bovand, Masoud & Rahbar, Nader & Esfahani, Javad Abolfazli, 2018. "Steps optimization and productivity enhancement in a nanofluid cascade solar still," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 536-545.
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