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Forty Years of Soil and Water Conservation Policy, Implementation, Research and Development in Indonesia: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Tyas Mutiara Basuki

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Irfan Budi Pramono

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Endang Savitri

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Purwanto

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Dewi Retna Indrawati

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Nining Wahyuningrum

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Rahardyan Nugroho Adi

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Yonky Indrajaya

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Agung Budi Supangat

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Pamungkas Buana Putra

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Diah Auliyani

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Eko Priyanto

    (Watershed Management Technology Center, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Surakarta 57102, Indonesia)

  • Tri Wira Yuwati

    (Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Banjarbaru, Jl. Ahmad Yani Km 28.7, Banjarbaru 70721, Indonesia)

  • Pratiwi

    (Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16118, Indonesia)

  • Budi Hadi Narendra

    (Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16118, Indonesia)

  • Asep Sukmana

    (Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16118, Indonesia)

  • Wuri Handayani

    (Agroforestry Research and Development Centre (ARDC), Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jalan Raya Ciamis-Banjar Km 4, Ciamis 46201, Indonesia)

  • Ogi Setiawan

    (Non-Timber Forest Products Technology Research and Development Institute, Jl. Dharma Bakti No. 7, Mataram 83371, Indonesia)

  • Ryke Nandini

    (Non-Timber Forest Products Technology Research and Development Institute, Jl. Dharma Bakti No. 7, Mataram 83371, Indonesia)

Abstract

Dominated by mountainous topography, high rainfall, and erosion-sensitive soil types, and with the majority of its population living in rural areas as farmers, most of Indonesia’s watersheds are highly vulnerable to erosion. In 1984, the Government of Indonesia established 22 priority watersheds to be handled, which marked the start of formal soil and water conservation activities. Although it has not fully succeeded in improving watershed conditions from all aspects, something which is indicated by fluctuations in the area of degraded land, over the past 40 years the Indonesian government has systematically implemented various soil and water conservation techniques in various areas with the support of policies, laws and regulations, and research and development. These systematic efforts have shown positive results, with a 40% reduction in the area of degraded land over the last 15 years from 2004–2018. This paper reviews policy, implementation, and research and development of soil and water conservation activities in Indonesia over the last 40 years from the 1980s to 2020 and explores the dynamics of the activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho & Tyas Mutiara Basuki & Irfan Budi Pramono & Endang Savitri & Purwanto & Dewi Retna Indrawati & Nining Wahyuningrum & Rahardyan Nugroho Adi & Yonky Indrajaya & Agung , 2022. "Forty Years of Soil and Water Conservation Policy, Implementation, Research and Development in Indonesia: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-33, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:2972-:d:763547
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Budiman Achmad & Sanudin & Mohamad Siarudin & Ary Widiyanto & Dian Diniyati & Aris Sudomo & Aditya Hani & Eva Fauziyah & Endah Suhaendah & Tri Sulistyati Widyaningsih & Wuri Handayani & Dewi Maharani , 2022. "Traditional Subsistence Farming of Smallholder Agroforestry Systems in Indonesia: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-33, July.
    2. Dona Octavia & Sri Suharti & Murniati & I Wayan Susi Dharmawan & Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho & Bambang Supriyanto & Dede Rohadi & Gerson Ndawa Njurumana & Irma Yeny & Aditya Hani & Nina Mindawat, 2022. "Mainstreaming Smart Agroforestry for Social Forestry Implementation to Support Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-29, July.
    3. Tyas Mutiara Basuki & Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho & Yonky Indrajaya & Irfan Budi Pramono & Nunung Puji Nugroho & Agung Budi Supangat & Dewi Retna Indrawati & Endang Savitri & Nining Wahyuningrum, 2022. "Improvement of Integrated Watershed Management in Indonesia for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-41, August.

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