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Enhancing Farm Income through Boundary Plantation of Poplar (Populus deltoides) : An Economic Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • S. B. Chavan

    (ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413115, India
    Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India)

  • R. S. Dhillon

    (Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India)

  • Chhavi Sirohi

    (Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India)

  • A. Keerthika

    (ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Research Station (RRS), Pali 306401, India)

  • Sushil Kumari

    (Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India)

  • K. K. Bharadwaj

    (Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India)

  • Dinesh Jinger

    (ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, RC, Anand 388306, India)

  • Vijaysinha Kakade

    (ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati 413115, India)

  • A. R. Chichaghare

    (Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, India)

  • Tarek K. Zin El-Abedin

    (Department of Agriculture & Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt)

  • Eman A. Mahmoud

    (Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt)

  • Rayan Casini

    (College of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA)

  • Hanoor Sharma

    (Microbiology and Immunology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA)

  • Hosam O. Elansary

    (Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Kowiyou Yessoufou

    (Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa)

Abstract

Poplar is popular among farmers and planted widely in the form of block and boundary systems. The preferences of farmers are shifting much more towards bund plantations due to their smaller yield reductions and can take up kharif and rabi crops till rotation. As for boundary plantations, farmers tend to grow trees in any direction without concern for yield reduction or profitability. Against this background, an experiment was designed by planting poplar at 2 m intervals in East–West (E–W) and North–South (N–S) directions during 2008 to determine the production potential and economic viability of boundary plantations and their effect on sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) crop rotations till harvesting of the trees. The experiment comprised three variables: stand age (years); four aspects (northern and southern E–W rows, eastern and western N–S rows; these four aspects are considered by dividing the tree lines); and six distances from tree the lines (0–3, 3–6, 6–9, 9–12, 12–15, 15–18 m and a control). A split-split plot design with three replicates was used. A significant reduction of fodder biomass of sorghum and wheat yield was observed up to 9 m distant from the tree line: the reduction was 10 to 60% for the kharif season and 7.2 to 29.5% for rabi crops from the second year to eight years after planting, respectively. Interestingly, the poplar boundary plantation had a favorable microclimatic effect from 9 to 15 m distance from the tree line, which increased crop yields compared with the control. The total dry wood production of poplar in the E–W direction (166.99 mg ha −1 ) was almost two times more than production for the N–S direction (82.62 mg ha −1 ) at 8 years of rotation. The economic analysis of this study concluded that an E–W boundary plantation of poplars exhibited the maximum net returns of INR 549,367 ha −1 , a net present value of INR 222,951 ha −1 , a BC ratio of 1:1.65, an IRR of 85% and an LEV of INR 1,220,337 ha −1 . Therefore, it is concluded that the intercropping of a sorghum-wheat crop rotation in E–W boundary plantations was more beneficial for enhancing farm income over traditional agriculture in north India.

Suggested Citation

  • S. B. Chavan & R. S. Dhillon & Chhavi Sirohi & A. Keerthika & Sushil Kumari & K. K. Bharadwaj & Dinesh Jinger & Vijaysinha Kakade & A. R. Chichaghare & Tarek K. Zin El-Abedin & Eman A. Mahmoud & Rayan, 2022. "Enhancing Farm Income through Boundary Plantation of Poplar (Populus deltoides) : An Economic Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:14:p:8663-:d:863444
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Raddad, E.Y. & Luukkanen, O., 2007. "The influence of different Acacia senegal agroforestry systems on soil water and crop yields in clay soils of the Blue Nile region, Sudan," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 61-72, January.
    2. Louis Verchot & Meine Noordwijk & Serigne Kandji & Tom Tomich & Chin Ong & Alain Albrecht & Jens Mackensen & Cynthia Bantilan & K. Anupama & Cheryl Palm, 2007. "Climate change: linking adaptation and mitigation through agroforestry," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 12(5), pages 901-918, June.
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    1. Datta, Pritha & Behera, Bhagirath & Rahut, Dil Bahadur, 2024. "Assessing the role of agriculture-forestry-livestock nexus in improving farmers' food security in South Asia: A systematic literature review," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).

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