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Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment

Author

Listed:
  • Rathna Hor

    (Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
    Faculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 2695, Cambodia)

  • Phanna Ly

    (Faculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 2695, Cambodia)

  • Agusta Samodra Putra

    (Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Serpong 15314, Indonesia
    Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan)

  • Riaru Ishizaki

    (Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan)

  • Tofael Ahamed

    (Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan)

  • Ryozo Noguchi

    (Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan)

Abstract

Traditional Cambodian food has higher nutrient balances and is environmentally sustainable compared to conventional diets. However, there is a lack of knowledge and evidence on nutrient intake and the environmental greenness of traditional food at different age distributions. The relationship between nutritional intake and environmental impact can be evaluated using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from agricultural production based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The objective of this study was to estimate the CO 2 equivalent (eq) emissions from the traditional Cambodian diet using LCA, starting at each agricultural production phase. A one-year food consumption scenario with the traditional diet was established. Five breakfast (BF1–5) and seven lunch and dinner (LD1–7) food sets were consumed at the same rate and compared using LCA. The results showed that BF1 and LD2 had the lowest and highest emissions (0.3 Mt CO 2 eq/yr and 1.2 Mt CO 2 eq/yr, respectively). The food calories, minerals, and vitamins met the recommended dietary allowance. The country’s existing food production system generates CO 2 emissions of 9.7 Mt CO 2 eq/yr, with the proposed system reducing these by 28.9% to 6.9 Mt CO 2 eq/yr. The change in each food item could decrease emissions depending on the type and quantity of the food set, especially meat and milk consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Rathna Hor & Phanna Ly & Agusta Samodra Putra & Riaru Ishizaki & Tofael Ahamed & Ryozo Noguchi, 2021. "Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:3660-:d:524071
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Berill Takacs & Aiduan Borrion, 2020. "The Use of Life Cycle-Based Approaches in the Food Service Sector to Improve Sustainability: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-31, April.
    2. Stamford, Laurence & Azapagic, Adisa, 2014. "Life cycle environmental impacts of UK shale gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 506-518.
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    1. Juan Aranda & David Zambrana-Vásquez & Felipe Del-Busto & Fernando Círez, 2021. "Social Impact Analysis of Products under a Holistic Approach: A Case Study in the Meat Product Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-14, November.

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