IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i4p1759-d494871.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effect of Irrigation Rate on the Water Relations of Young Citrus Trees in High-Density Planting

Author

Listed:
  • Said A. Hamido

    (Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 2685 SR 29 N, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA)

  • Kelly T. Morgan

    (Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 2685 SR 29 N, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA)

Abstract

The availability and proper irrigation scheduling of water are some of the most significant limitations on citrus production in Florida. The proper volume of citrus water demand is vital in evaluating sustainable irrigation approaches. The current study aims to determine the amount of irrigation required to grow citrus trees at higher planting densities without detrimental impacts on trees’ water relation parameters. The study was conducted between November 2017 and September 2020 on young sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis ) trees budded on the ‘US-897’ (Cleopatra mandarin x Flying Dragon trifoliate orange) citrus rootstock transplanted in sandy soil at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC) demonstration grove, near Immokalee, Florida. The experiment contained six planting densities, including 447, 598, and 745 trees per ha replicated four times, and 512, 717, and 897 trees per ha replicated six times. Each density treatment was irrigated at 62% or 100% during the first 15 months between 2017 and 2019 or one of the four irrigation rates (26.5, 40.5, 53, or 81%) based on the calculated crop water supplied (ETc) during the last 17 months of 2019–2020. Tree water relations, including soil moisture, stem water potential, and water supplied, were collected periodically. In addition, soil salinity was determined. During the first year (2018), a higher irrigation rate (100% ETc) represented higher soil water contents; however, the soil water content for the lower irrigation rate (62% ETc) did not represent biological stress. One emitter per tree regardless of planting density supported stem water potential (Ψ stem ) values between −0.80 and −0.79 MPa for lower and full irrigation rates, respectively. However, when treatments were adjusted from April 2019 through September 2020, the results substantially changed. The higher irrigation rate (81% ETc) represented higher soil water contents during the remainder of the study, the lower irrigation rate (26.5% ETc) represents biological stress as a result of stem water potential (Ψ stem ) values between −1.05 and −0.91 MPa for lower and higher irrigation rates, respectively. Besides this, increasing the irrigation rate from 26.5% to 81%ETc decreased the soil salinity by 33%. Although increasing the planting density from 717 to 897 trees per hectare reduced the water supplied on average by 37% when one irrigation emitter was used to irrigate two trees instead of one, applying an 81% ETc irrigation rate in citrus is more efficient and could be managed in commercial groves.

Suggested Citation

  • Said A. Hamido & Kelly T. Morgan, 2021. "The Effect of Irrigation Rate on the Water Relations of Young Citrus Trees in High-Density Planting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:1759-:d:494871
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/1759/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/1759/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peddinti, Srinivasa Rao & Kambhammettu, BVN P, 2019. "Dynamics of crop coefficients for citrus orchards of central India using water balance and eddy covariance flux partition techniques," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 68-77.
    2. Abrisqueta, I. & Vera, J. & Tapia, L.M. & Abrisqueta, J.M. & Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C., 2012. "Soil water content criteria for peach trees water stress detection during the postharvest period," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 62-67.
    3. Said A. Hamido & Kelly T. Morgan, 2018. "Harvesting Method Affects Water Dynamics and Yield of Sweet Orange with Huanglongbing," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-10, March.
    4. Hutton, R.J. & Loveys, B.R., 2011. "A partial root zone drying irrigation strategy for citrus--Effects on water use efficiency and fruit characteristics," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(10), pages 1485-1496, August.
    5. García-Tejero, I. & Romero-Vicente, R. & Jiménez-Bocanegra, J.A. & Martínez-García, G. & Durán-Zuazo, V.H. & Muriel-Fernández, J.L., 2010. "Response of citrus trees to deficit irrigation during different phenological periods in relation to yield, fruit quality, and water productivity," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(5), pages 689-699, May.
    6. Romero, Consuelo C. & Dukes, Michael D. & Baigorria, Guillermo A. & Cohen, Ron, 2009. "Comparing theoretical irrigation requirement and actual irrigation for citrus in Florida," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(3), pages 473-483, March.
    7. Barker, J. Burdette & Heeren, Derek M. & Neale, Christopher M.U. & Rudnick, Daran R., 2018. "Evaluation of variable rate irrigation using a remote-sensing-based model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 63-74.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alisheikh A. Atta & Kelly T. Morgan & Davie M. Kadyampakeni, 2022. "Spatial and Temporal Nutrient Dynamics and Water Management of Huanglongbing-Affected Mature Citrus Trees on Florida Sandy Soils," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Saitta, Daniela & Consoli, Simona & Ferlito, Filippo & Torrisi, Biagio & Allegra, Maria & Longo-Minnolo, Giuseppe & Ramírez-Cuesta, Juan Miguel & Vanella, Daniela, 2021. "Adaptation of citrus orchards to deficit irrigation strategies," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    2. Ramos, Tiago B. & Darouich, Hanaa & Oliveira, Ana R. & Farzamian, Mohammad & Monteiro, Tomás & Castanheira, Nádia & Paz, Ana & Gonçalves, Maria C. & Pereira, Luís S., 2023. "Water use and soil water balance of Mediterranean tree crops assessed with the SIMDualKc model in orchards of southern Portugal," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    3. Kusakabe, A. & Contreras-Barragan, B.A. & Simpson, C.R. & Enciso, J.M. & Nelson, S.D. & Melgar, J.C., 2016. "Application of partial rootzone drying to improve irrigation water use efficiency in grapefruit trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 66-75.
    4. Conesa, María R. & Conejero, Wenceslao & Vera, Juan & Agulló, Vicente & García-Viguera, Cristina & Ruiz-Sánchez, M. Carmen, 2021. "Irrigation management practices in nectarine fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    5. Peddinti, Srinivasa Rao & Kisekka, Isaya, 2022. "Estimation of turbulent fluxes over almond orchards using high-resolution aerial imagery with one and two-source energy balance models," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    6. El-Naggar, A.G. & Hedley, C.B. & Horne, D. & Roudier, P. & Clothier, B.E., 2020. "Soil sensing technology improves application of irrigation water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    7. Du, Shaoqing & Kang, Shaozhong & Li, Fusheng & Du, Taisheng, 2017. "Water use efficiency is improved by alternate partial root-zone irrigation of apple in arid northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 184-192.
    8. Tu, Anguo & Xie, Songhua & Mo, Minghao & Song, Yuejun & Li, Ying, 2021. "Water budget components estimation for a mature citrus orchard of southern China based on HYDRUS-1D model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    9. Romero, Pascual & Navarro, Josefa María & Ordaz, Pablo Botía, 2022. "Towards a sustainable viticulture: The combination of deficit irrigation strategies and agroecological practices in Mediterranean vineyards. A review and update," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    10. Alejandro del Pozo & Nidia Brunel-Saldias & Alejandra Engler & Samuel Ortega-Farias & Cesar Acevedo-Opazo & Gustavo A. Lobos & Roberto Jara-Rojas & Marco A. Molina-Montenegro, 2019. "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies of Agriculture in Mediterranean-Climate Regions (MCRs)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, May.
    11. Jafari, Mohammad & Kamali, Hamidreza & Keshavarz, Ali & Momeni, Akbar, 2021. "Estimation of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of drip-irrigated orange trees under a semi-arid climate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    12. Romero, Pascual & Botía, Pablo & Morote, Elisa & Navarro, Josefa María, 2024. "Optimizing deficit irrigation in Monastrell vines grafted on rootstocks of different vigour under semi-arid conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    13. Abrisqueta, I. & Abrisqueta, J.M. & Tapia, L.M. & Munguía, J.P. & Conejero, W. & Vera, J. & Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C., 2013. "Basal crop coefficients for early-season peach trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 158-163.
    14. Consoli, S. & Stagno, F. & Roccuzzo, G. & Cirelli, G.L. & Intrigliolo, F., 2014. "Sustainable management of limited water resources in a young orange orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 60-68.
    15. Ballester, C. & Castel, J. & Intrigliolo, D.S. & Castel, J.R., 2011. "Response of Clementina de Nules citrus trees to summer deficit irrigation. Yield components and fruit composition," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 1027-1032, April.
    16. Pascual-Seva, N. & San Bautista, A. & López-Galarza, S. & Maroto, J.V. & Pascual, B., 2016. "Response of drip-irrigated chufa (Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck.) to different planting configurations: Yield and irrigation water-use efficiency," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 140-147.
    17. Romero, Pascual & Muñoz, Rocío Gil & Fernández-Fernández, J.I. & del Amor, Francisco M. & Martínez-Cutillas, Adrián & García-García, José, 2015. "Improvement of yield and grape and wine composition in field-grown Monastrell grapevines by partial root zone irrigation, in comparison with regulated deficit irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 55-73.
    18. Pascual-Seva, Núria & San Bautista, Alberto & López-Galarza, Salvador & Maroto, José Vicente & Pascual, Bernardo, 2018. "Influence of different drip irrigation strategies on irrigation water use efficiency on chufa (Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativus Boeck.) crop," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 406-413.
    19. Liu, Meihan & Shi, Haibin & Paredes, Paula & Ramos, Tiago B. & Dai, Liping & Feng, Zhuangzhuang & Pereira, Luis S., 2022. "Estimating and partitioning maize evapotranspiration as affected by salinity using weighing lysimeters and the SIMDualKc model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    20. Hasan Zabihi & Mohsen Alizadeh & Philip Kibet Langat & Mohammadreza Karami & Himan Shahabi & Anuar Ahmad & Mohamad Nor Said & Saro Lee, 2019. "GIS Multi-Criteria Analysis by Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA): Toward an Integrated Citrus Management Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:1759-:d:494871. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.