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A Comprehensive Performance Characterization of a Nanofluid-Powered Dual-Fluid PV/T System under Outdoor Steady State Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Imtiaz Hussain

    (Green Energy Technology Research Center, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Korea
    Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea)

  • Gwi-Hyun Lee

    (Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea)

  • Jun-Tae Kim

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Korea)

Abstract

This paper discusses the effectiveness of simultaneous use of CuO nanofluid and air as a dual-fluid coolant for the thermal management of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. Outdoor experimental studies were performed to calculate the discrepancies between indoor and outdoor test findings. The thermal efficiency and the electrical characteristics of the dual-fluid PV/T system were investigated under steady-state test conditions following ISO standards. It was found that the divergence in electrical efficiency between indoor and outdoor-based PVT testing was significantly higher, while the difference in thermal efficiencies was marginal. It was observed that nanofluid/air, even at the lowest flow rates, outclassed the water/air coolant at higher flow rates in terms of PV/T energy output, which also ultimately helps in reducing the energy requirement for pumping. Unlike conventional solar air heaters, the proposed dual-fluid PV/T system produces a high air temperature when operated with only air at stagnant nanofluid. The maximum PV/T efficiency of approximately 85% was recorded when the nanofluid and air flows were kept at 0.02 kg/s and 0.04 kg/s, respectively. It is concluded that outdoor steady state testing provides comprehensive performance characterization of the nanofluid powered dual-fluid coolant for the PV/T system.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Imtiaz Hussain & Gwi-Hyun Lee & Jun-Tae Kim, 2021. "A Comprehensive Performance Characterization of a Nanofluid-Powered Dual-Fluid PV/T System under Outdoor Steady State Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:23:p:13134-:d:689032
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    References listed on IDEAS

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