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Removal of Fe(III), Cd(II), and Zn(II) as Hydroxides by Precipitation–Flotation System

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  • Leonor Zapién Zapién Serrano

    (Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico)

  • Noemí Ortiz Ortiz Lara

    (Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
    Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City 03940, Mexico)

  • Rafael Ríos Ríos Vera

    (Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico)

  • Diana Cholico-González

    (Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
    Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City 03940, Mexico)

Abstract

In this paper, a combined precipitation–flotation system is proposed for the removal of Fe(III), Zn(II), and Cd(II) as hydroxides. The efficiency of precipitation, as a function of pH, metal ion concentration, and dosage of the precipitating agent as the main variables, was evaluated. The results showed that 99% efficiency was attained from a mixture solution containing the three metal ions in sulfate media at pH 10.3 after 15 min of treatment. The sedimentation behavior showed that a larger precipitate facilitated solid/liquid separation at 30 min. The characterization of precipitates was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) identifying iron, zinc, and cadmium oxides; hydroxides; and sodium sulfate. For the flotation, a 20 mg/L solution of dodecylamine (DDA) was used as a collector. Such a solution allowed for the removal of 76% of precipitates in concentrate. An increase in the collector concentration diminished the float percentage due to the micelle formation and low adsorption of the collector on the surface of the precipitate. The results provide evidence of the effectivity of the removal of metal ions by the combined precipitation–flotation system as an alternative for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) in less time in comparison with a sedimentation stage.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonor Zapién Zapién Serrano & Noemí Ortiz Ortiz Lara & Rafael Ríos Ríos Vera & Diana Cholico-González, 2021. "Removal of Fe(III), Cd(II), and Zn(II) as Hydroxides by Precipitation–Flotation System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11913-:d:666714
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