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Ecofeminism and Natural Resource Management: Justice Delayed, Justice Denied

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  • Yang Liu

    (School of Economics, Xi’an University of Finance and Economics, Xi’an 710100, China
    School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China)

  • Muhammad Khalid Anser

    (School of Public Administration, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China)

  • Khalid Zaman

    (Department of Economics, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Haripur 22620, Pakistan)

Abstract

Women have a right to excel in all spheres of activity. However, their roles are mainly confined in the resource extraction industry due to masculinity bias. African women are considered exemplary cases where women have low access to finance and economic opportunities to progress in the natural resource industry. This study examines the role of women’s autonomy in mineral resource extraction by controlling ecological footprints, financial development, environmental degradation, economic growth, and changes in the general price level in the Democratic Republic of the Congo data from 1975–2019. The autoregressive distributed lag estimates show that in the short-run, women’s autonomy decreases mineral resource rents; however, this result disappears in the long-run and the positive role of women’s autonomy in increasing resource capital is confirmed. Ecological footprints are in jeopardy from saving mineral resources both in the short- and long-term. Financial development negatively impacts mineral resource rents, while women’s access to finance supports the mineral resource agenda. The positive role of women in environmental protection has led to increased mineral resource rents in the short- and long-term. Women’s social and economic autonomy increases mineral resource rents in the short-term, while it has evaporated in the long-term. The Granger causality has confirmed the unidirectional linkages running from women’s green ecological footprints, access to finance, and women participating in environmental protection to mineral resource rents in a country. The variance decomposition analysis has shown that women’s economic autonomy and access to finance will exert more significant variance shocks to mineral resource rents over the next ten years’ period. The results conclude the positive role of women’s freedom in the mineral resource sustainability agenda. Thus, there is a high need to authorize women through access to finance and economic decisions to restore natural resource capital nationwide.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang Liu & Muhammad Khalid Anser & Khalid Zaman, 2021. "Ecofeminism and Natural Resource Management: Justice Delayed, Justice Denied," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7319-:d:585553
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    Cited by:

    1. Mercedes Barrachina Fernández & Maria del Carmen García-Centeno & Carmen Calderón Patier, 2021. "Women Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Review and Research Agenda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Fatima, Sana, 2023. "Rural Development and Education: Critical Strategies for Ending Child Marriages," MPRA Paper 116035, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 07 Jan 2023.
    3. Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Aldakhil, Abdullah Mohammed & Zaman, Khalid, 2021. "Ecological footprints jeopardy for mineral resource extraction: Efficient use of energy, financial development and insurance services to conserve natural resources," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    4. Khan, Majid, 2023. "Shifting Gender Roles in Society and the Workplace: Implications for Environmental Sustainability," MPRA Paper 116306, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Feb 2023.

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