IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i13p7103-d581599.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of COVID-19 on the Educational Process in Saudi Arabia: A Technology–Organization–Environment Framework

Author

Listed:
  • Khloud Alshaikh

    (Information System Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Shaikhah Maasher

    (Information System Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Afnan Bayazed

    (Information System Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Farrukh Saleem

    (Information System Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sahar Badri

    (Information System Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Bahjat Fakieh

    (Information System Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The lockdown of universities and educational institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the educational process. Saudi Arabia became a forerunner during COVID-19 by taking initial precautions of curfews and total restrictions. However, these restrictions had a disruptive effect on various sectors, specifically the educational sector. The Ministry of Education strived to cope with the consequences of these changes swiftly by shifting to online education. This paper aims to study the impact of COVID-19 on the educational process through a comparative study of the responses collected from different cases, and the challenges that are faced throughout the educational process. The study conducted a cross-sectional, self-administered online questionnaire during the outbreak and distance learning, which was designed based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework of students. Most questions used a five-point Likert scale. The responses were randomly collected from 150 undergraduate and postgraduate students who were studying in Saudi Arabian universities, to study the overall performance of education institutions during COVID-19. The collected data were analyzed and compared to the results in the literature. The main factors impacted by this transformation are addressed. These factors are based on research and observations and aim to overcome the encountered limitations and to present their level of impact on distance education. The research framework can be useful for higher educational authorities aiming to overcome the issues highlighted and discussed in this study.

Suggested Citation

  • Khloud Alshaikh & Shaikhah Maasher & Afnan Bayazed & Farrukh Saleem & Sahar Badri & Bahjat Fakieh, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 on the Educational Process in Saudi Arabia: A Technology–Organization–Environment Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7103-:d:581599
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/13/7103/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/13/7103/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih & Ahmed M. Hasanein & Ahmed E. Abu Elnasr, 2020. "Responses to COVID-19 in Higher Education: Social Media Usage for Sustaining Formal Academic Communication in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-18, August.
    2. Duncan Light & Remus Creţan & Andreea-Mihaela Dunca, 2021. "Museums and Transitional Justice: Assessing the Impact of a Memorial Museum on Young People in Post-Communist Romania," Societies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, May.
    3. Sunday C. Eze & Vera C. A. Chinedu-Eze & Clinton K. Okike & Adenike O. Bello, 2020. "Factors influencing the use of e-learning facilities by students in a private Higher Education Institution (HEI) in a developing economy," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 1-15, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Murad Abdu Saeed & Mohammed Abdullah Alharbi & Amr Abdullatif Yassin, 2021. "Sustaining Synchronous Interaction Effectiveness in Distance Writing Courses: A Mixed Method Study in a KSA University," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Qutaiba Adeeb Odat & Hashem Alshurafat & Mohannad Obeid Al Shbail & Husam Ananzeh & Hamzeh Al Amosh, 2023. "Factors Affecting Accountants’ Adoption of Remote Working: Evidence from Jordanian Governmental Organizations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-23, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tamara Lukić & Ivana Blešić & Tatjana Pivac & Milka Bubalo Živković & Bojan Đerčan & Sanja Kovačić & Marija Cimbaljević & Dajana Bjelajac, 2022. "Urban Image at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Case Study Novi Sad (Serbia)," Societies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Rahiem, Maila D.H., 2021. "Remaining motivated despite the limitations: University students’ learning propensity during the COVID-19 pandemic," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    3. Shafi AlDousari, 2023. "Capacities and Obstacles of Kuwait Medical Educational Sector in Transitioning Education System to Online Form: A Paradigm Shift," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 16(12), pages 1-88, February.
    4. María Rosa Naranjo Llupart, 2022. "Theoretical Model for the Analysis of Community-Based Tourism: Contribution to Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-41, August.
    5. Mohammed Arshad Khan & Vivek & Mohammed Kamalun Nabi & Maysoon Khojah & Muhammad Tahir, 2020. "Students’ Perception towards E-Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: An Empirical Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Mohamed A. Shabeeb & Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih & Ibrahim A. Elshaer, 2022. "Examining Learning Experience and Satisfaction of Accounting Students in Higher Education before and amid COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Fan Zhang & Jianbo Pang & Yanlong Guo & Yelin Zhu & Han Zhang, 2023. "A Study of Factors Influencing the Use of the DingTalk Online Lecture Platform in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, April.
    8. Uthman Alturki & Ahmed Aldraiweesh, 2021. "Application of Learning Management System (LMS) during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Sustainable Acceptance Model of the Expansion Technology Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-16, October.
    9. Nayef Shaie Alotaibi, 2022. "The Significance of Digital Learning for Sustainable Development in the Post-COVID19 World in Saudi Arabia’s Higher Education Institutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, December.
    10. Radu Săgeată & Nicoleta Damian & Bianca Mitrică, 2021. "Communism and Anti-Communist Dissent in Romania as Reflected in Contemporary Textbooks," Societies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, November.
    11. Mansour A. Alyahya & Ibrahim A. Elshaer & Fathi Abunasser & Osama H. Mahmoud Hassan & Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih, 2022. "E-Learning Experience in Higher Education amid COVID-19: Does Gender Really Matter in A Gender-Segregated Culture?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-12, March.
    12. Muhammad Zaheer Asghar & Seema Arif & Javed Iqbal & Pirita Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, 2022. "Social Media Tools for the Development of Pre-Service Health Sciences Researchers during COVID-19 in Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-22, January.
    13. Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih & Amany E. Salem & Ahmed M. Hasanein & Ahmed E. Abu Elnasr, 2021. "Responses to COVID-19 in Higher Education: Students’ Learning Experience Using Microsoft Teams versus Social Network Sites," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-12, September.
    14. Alejandro Quiroz Flores & Farhana Liza & Husam Quteineh & Barbara Czarnecka, 2021. "Variation in the timing of Covid-19 communication across universities in the UK," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(2), pages 1-25, February.
    15. Tomas Kačerauskas, 2023. "Disinterestedness in the Creative Economy: The Case of the MO Museum in Vilnius," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-12, June.
    16. Jenalyn Shigella G. Yandug & Erika Mae D. Costales & Ardvin Kester S. Ong, 2023. "A Conjoint Analysis Approach, Implications, and Mitigation Plans in Analyzing Students’ Preferences for Online Learning Delivery Types during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Engineering Students: A Case Stu," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, March.
    17. Mostafa Aboulnour Salem & Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih, 2022. "ADIDAS: An Examined Approach for Enhancing Cognitive Load and Attitudes towards Synchronous Digital Learning Amid and Post COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-16, December.
    18. Masouda A. Gurban & Abeer S. Almogren, 2022. "Students’ Actual Use of E-Learning in Higher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, May.
    19. Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih & Ishfaq Ahmad Palla & Abdul Baquee, 2022. "Social Media Use in E-Learning amid COVID 19 Pandemic: Indian Students’ Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, April.
    20. Ibrahim A. Elshaer & Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih, 2022. "FLOWER: An Approach for Enhancing E-Learning Experience Amid COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-13, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7103-:d:581599. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.