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Common Factors of Stress Change under the First COVID-19 Outbreak as Observed in Four Global Cities

Author

Listed:
  • Misato Uehara

    (Research Center for Social Systems, Ina Campus, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan)

  • Makoto Fujii

    (Tonich Engineering Consultant, Osaka 530-0028, Japan)

  • Kazuki Kobayashi

    (Research Center for Social Systems, Nagano Campus, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan)

  • Yasuto Hayashi

    (Research Center for Social Systems, Matsumoto Campus, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan)

  • Yuki Arai

    (Research Center for Social Systems, Ina Campus, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan)

Abstract

Research focusing on stress change comparing before and after being affected by the first COVID-19 outbreak is still limited. This study examined the model between the stress changes during the first COVID-19 outbreak and social attributes (age, sex, occupation, etc.) among residents of four cities around the globe. We obtained 741 valid responses from the residents of London (11.5%), New York (13.8%), Amsterdam (11.7%), and Tokyo (53.4%), through a web-based questionnaire survey conducted in collaboration with a private research firm. We identified 16 statistically significant variables out of 36 explanatory variables, which explained a significant stress change compared to the pre-outbreak period. This result showed that whether living alone or not and the number of times going out for walk or jogging during the first COVID-19 outbreak were the explanatory variables with higher significance for the reduced stress. In addition, those who lived in a place different from their hometowns, who were dissatisfied with their work or their family relationships were more stressed, with statistically significant differences.

Suggested Citation

  • Misato Uehara & Makoto Fujii & Kazuki Kobayashi & Yasuto Hayashi & Yuki Arai, 2021. "Common Factors of Stress Change under the First COVID-19 Outbreak as Observed in Four Global Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:11:p:5996-:d:562673
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    References listed on IDEAS

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