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Can Constructed Wetlands be Wildlife Refuges? A Review of Their Potential Biodiversity Conservation Value

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  • Chengxiang Zhang

    (School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Li Wen

    (Science Division, Department of Planning Industry and Environment, Lidcombe 2141, Australia)

  • Yuyu Wang

    (School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Cunqi Liu

    (College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)

  • Yan Zhou

    (Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Guangchun Lei

    (School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract

The degradation of wetland ecosystems is currently recognized as one of the main threats to global biodiversity. As a means of compensation, constructed wetlands (CWs), which are built to treat agricultural runoff and municipal wastewater, have become important for maintaining biodiversity. Here, we review studies on the relationships between CWs and their associated biodiversity published over the past three decades. In doing so, we provide an overview of how wildlife utilizes CWs, and the effects of biodiversity on pollutant transformation and removal. Beyond their primary aim (to purify various kinds of wastewater), CWs provide sub-optimal habitat for many species and, in turn, their purification function can be strongly influenced by the biodiversity that they support. However, there are some difficulties when using CWs to conserve biodiversity because some key characteristics of these engineered ecosystems vary from natural wetlands, including some fundamental ecological processes. Without proper management intervention, these features of CWs can promote biological invasion, as well as form an ‘ecological trap’ for native species. Management options, such as basin-wide integrative management and building in more natural wetland components, can partially offset these adverse impacts. Overall, the awareness of managers and the public regarding the potential value of CWs in biodiversity conservation remains superficial. More in-depth research, especially on how to balance different stakeholder values between wastewater managers and conservationists, is now required.

Suggested Citation

  • Chengxiang Zhang & Li Wen & Yuyu Wang & Cunqi Liu & Yan Zhou & Guangchun Lei, 2020. "Can Constructed Wetlands be Wildlife Refuges? A Review of Their Potential Biodiversity Conservation Value," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:1442-:d:320994
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    Cited by:

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    2. Joanna Sender & Danuta Urban & Monika Różańska-Boczula & Antoni Grzywna, 2021. "Long-Term Changes in Floristic Diversity as an Effect of Transforming the Lake into a Retention Reservoir," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-19, July.
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    4. Vasileios Takavakoglou & Eleanna Pana & Dimitris Skalkos, 2022. "Constructed Wetlands as Nature-Based Solutions in the Post-COVID Agri-Food Supply Chain: Challenges and Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-14, March.
    5. Douglas J. Spieles, 2022. "Wetland Construction, Restoration, and Integration: A Comparative Review," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-21, April.
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