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Geobotanical Study of the Microforests of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia in the Central and Southern Iberian Peninsula

Author

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  • Eusebio Cano

    (Department. of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Section of Botany, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • Carmelo M. Musarella

    (Department. of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Section of Botany, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
    Department of AGRARIA, “Mediterranea” University of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy)

  • Ana Cano-Ortiz

    (Department. of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Section of Botany, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • José C. Piñar Fuentes

    (Department. of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Section of Botany, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • Alfonso Rodríguez Torres

    (Oficina del Cambio Climático, Consejería de Agricultura, Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Castilla-La Mancha, C/Quintanar de la Orden, s/n. 45071 Toledo, Spain)

  • Sara Del Río González

    (Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management (Botany), Mountain Livestock Institute (CSIC-ULE), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain)

  • Carlos J. Pinto Gomes

    (Department of Landscape, Environment and Planning, Institute for Mediterranean Agrarian and Environmental Sciences (ICAAM), School of Science and Technology, University of Évora (Portugal), Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal)

  • Ricardo Quinto-Canas

    (Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
    Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal)

  • Giovanni Spampinato

    (Department of AGRARIA, “Mediterranea” University of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy)

Abstract

We have studied Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. badia (H.Gay) Debeaux in the central and southern Iberian Peninsula, where the macrobioclimate ranges from Mediterranean-pluviseasonal-oceanic to Mediterranean-pluviseasonal-continental, and the thermotype from the thermo- to the supramediterranean. The relevés were taken following the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological methodology. A statistical treatment was applied to establish a separation among Juniperus communities. To understand the presence of Juniperus communities in territories dominated by species in the Quercus genus, we applied Thornthwaite’s formula to calculate potential evapotranspiration. The general cluster analysis clearly distinguishes two groups of plant communities and separates the different associations in each group. All the plant communities growing on rocky crests and in extremely steep sloping areas are significantly influenced by the soil. The ombroclimatic index does not explain the presence of plant communities influenced by substrate, so we proposed a new ombroedaphoxeric index which explains the presence of Juniperus communities in territories with a thermotype between the thermo- and supramediterranean. The areas of distribution of Juniperus species are expanding due to the spread of rocky areas; this phenomenon causes an increase in edaphoxerophilous areas and a decrease in climatophilous ones. We propose four new plant associations, with updated structures and floristic compositions. Efficient conservation is possible in both the territories studied (Spain and Portugal) through the implementation of specific cross-border cooperation projects.

Suggested Citation

  • Eusebio Cano & Carmelo M. Musarella & Ana Cano-Ortiz & José C. Piñar Fuentes & Alfonso Rodríguez Torres & Sara Del Río González & Carlos J. Pinto Gomes & Ricardo Quinto-Canas & Giovanni Spampinato, 2019. "Geobotanical Study of the Microforests of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia in the Central and Southern Iberian Peninsula," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-31, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:1111-:d:207672
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Joanna Kurowska-Pysz & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Luís Loures, 2018. "Sustainable Planning of Cross-Border Cooperation: A Strategy for Alliances in Border Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-26, May.
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    6. Qi Luo & Lin Zhen & Yunfeng Hu, 2020. "The Effects of Restoration Practices on a Small Watershed in China’s Loess Plateau: A Case Study of the Qiaozigou Watershed," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-16, October.
    7. J. C. Piñar Fuentes & A. Cano-Ortiz & C. M. Musarella & R. Quinto Canas & C. J. Pinto Gomes & G. Spampinato & S. del Río & E. Cano, 2019. "Bioclimatology, Structure, and Conservation Perspectives of Quercus pyrenaica , Acer opalus subsp. Granatensis , and Corylus avellana Deciduous Forests on Mediterranean Bioclimate in the South-Central," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-29, November.
    8. Eusebio Cano & Ana Cano-Ortiz & José Carlos Piñar Fuentes & Ricardo Quinto-Canas & Jehad Igbareyeh & Sara del Río & Carlos José Pinto Gomes, 2022. "Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of Pinus halepensis Mill. in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-31, March.
    9. José C. Piñar Fuentes & Mauro Raposo & Carlos J. Pinto Gomes & Sara del Río González & Giovanni Spampinato & Eusebio Cano, 2021. "New Contributions to the Ericion umbellatae Alliance in the Central Iberian Peninsula," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-23, May.
    10. Junnan Xiong & Wei Li & Hao Zhang & Weiming Cheng & Chongchong Ye & Yunliang Zhao, 2019. "Selected Environmental Assessment Model and Spatial Analysis Method to Explain Correlations in Environmental and Socio-Economic Data with Possible Application for Explaining the State of the Ecosystem," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-26, September.

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