IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v10y2018i1p90-d125043.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Algerian Carob Tree Products: A Comprehensive Valorization Analysis and Future Prospects

Author

Listed:
  • Rosa Mahtout

    (Department of Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abderrahmane Mira University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
    Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar C/Doctor Fleming s/n, Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain)

  • Víctor Manuel Ortiz-Martínez

    (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar C/Doctor Fleming s/n, Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain)

  • María José Salar-García

    (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar C/Doctor Fleming s/n, Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain)

  • Isabel Gracia

    (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar C/Doctor Fleming s/n, Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain)

  • Francisco José Hernández-Fernández

    (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar C/Doctor Fleming s/n, Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain)

  • Antonia Pérez de los Ríos

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30202 Murciax, Spain)

  • Farid Zaidia

    (Department of Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abderrahmane Mira University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria)

  • Sergio Sanchez-Segado

    (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar C/Doctor Fleming s/n, Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain)

  • Luis Javier Lozano-Blanco

    (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar C/Doctor Fleming s/n, Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain)

Abstract

This research presents a thorough analysis of the nutrients and anti-nutrients contained in different products from Algerian carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L. (pod, pulp, seeds and leaves). Other parameters such as moisture, ash content and calorific value were also determined. The main purpose was to characterize these products derived from carob tree and analyze their possible valorization in several fields such as chemical, energy or medical industries. The results show that these products contain low amount of crude lipids (2.4–4.5%), moderate amounts of protein (4–7.4%) and high levels of total sugar (up to 66.6%). The compositional analysis reveals high nutritional values but, at the same time, it is also worth underscoring their high content in anti-nutrients: (i) trypsin inhibitor (6.4–7.3 mg·g −1 ); and (ii) phytic acid (0.6–0.94 mg·g −1 ). This work quantifies these two secondary metabolites in carob tree products for the first time. Finally, based on the results obtained, a process scheme is proposed for the complete use of carob tree products, including the use of anti-nutrients (trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid) for bio-medical applications since many research studies support that these compounds have great potential in this field.

Suggested Citation

  • Rosa Mahtout & Víctor Manuel Ortiz-Martínez & María José Salar-García & Isabel Gracia & Francisco José Hernández-Fernández & Antonia Pérez de los Ríos & Farid Zaidia & Sergio Sanchez-Segado & Luis Jav, 2018. "Algerian Carob Tree Products: A Comprehensive Valorization Analysis and Future Prospects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:90-:d:125043
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/1/90/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/1/90/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mazaheri, Davood & Shojaosadati, Seyed Abbas & Mousavi, Seyyed Mohammad & Hejazi, Parisa & Saharkhiz, Saeed, 2012. "Bioethanol production from carob pods by solid-state fermentation with Zymomonas mobilis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 372-378.
    2. Sánchez, S. & Lozano, L.J. & Godínez, C. & Juan, D. & Pérez, A. & Hernández, F.J., 2010. "Carob pod as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol in Mediterranean areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(11), pages 3417-3424, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pedro José Correia & Maribela Pestana, 2018. "Exploratory Analysis of the Productivity of Carob Tree ( Ceratonia siliqua ) Orchards Conducted under Dry-Farming Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-7, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bharathiraja, B. & Jayamuthunagai, J. & Sudharsanaa, T. & Bharghavi, A. & Praveenkumar, R. & Chakravarthy, M. & Yuvaraj, D., 2017. "Biobutanol – An impending biofuel for future: A review on upstream and downstream processing tecniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 788-807.
    2. Kumar, Manish & Gayen, Kalyan, 2011. "Developments in biobutanol production: New insights," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(6), pages 1999-2012, June.
    3. Menghui Yu & Jihong Li & Sandra Chang & Ran Du & Shizhong Li & Lei Zhang & Guifang Fan & Zhipei Yan & Ting Cui & Guangtao Cong & Gang Zhao, 2014. "Optimization of Ethanol Production from NaOH-Pretreated Solid State Fermented Sweet Sorghum Bagasse," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-14, June.
    4. Liu, Yunyun & Zhang, Yu & Xu, Jingliang & Sun, Yongming & Yuan, Zhenhong & Xie, Jun, 2015. "Consolidated bioprocess for bioethanol production with alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 517-522.
    5. Zaafouri, Kaouther & Ziadi, Manel & ben Hassen-Trabelsi, Aida & Mekni, Sabrine & Aïssi, Balkiss & Alaya, Marwen & Hamdi, Moktar, 2017. "Enzymatic saccharification and liquid state fermentation of hydrothermal pretreated Tunisian Luffa cylindrica (L.) fibers for cellulosic bioethanol production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1209-1213.
    6. Bessa, Larissa C.B.A. & Batista, Fabio R.M. & Meirelles, Antonio J.A., 2012. "Double-effect integration of multicomponent alcoholic distillation columns," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 603-612.
    7. Mazaheri, Davood & Shojaosadati, Seyed Abbas & Mousavi, Seyyed Mohammad & Hejazi, Parisa & Saharkhiz, Saeed, 2012. "Bioethanol production from carob pods by solid-state fermentation with Zymomonas mobilis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 372-378.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:90-:d:125043. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.