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The Influence of Marine Traffic on Particulate Matter (PM) Levels in the Region of Danish Straits, North and Baltic Seas

Author

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  • Szymon Firląg

    (The Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Lecha Kaczyńskiego 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Mariusz Rogulski

    (The Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Artur Badyda

    (The Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine air pollution over the sea surface (North Sea and Baltic Sea) compared to the situation in ports, as well as to examine the impact of ships on the level of particulate matter (PM) concentration. The measurements, made during the two-week cruise of the tall ship Fryderyk Chopin, demonstrated that the principal source of PM emission over the sea surface are passing ships equipped with internal combustion engines, including quite numerous units powered by marine oil. The highest pollution levels were observed in locations distant from the coast, with increasing concentrations when other ships were approaching. During the cruise, at least two places were identified with increased PM concentration (18–28 μg/m 3 for PM 10 and 15–25 μg/m 3 for PM 2.5 ) caused by passing ships. The share of PM 2.5 fraction in the general PM concentration in these places increased from 70–72% to 82–85%, which means that combustion emission dominated. In turn, measurements made in ports (Copenhagen and Kołobrzeg) showed lower levels of air pollution and indicated a typical variability of the PM concentrations characteristic for land areas. The results confirm the need for determining suitable solutions for sustainable sea transport.

Suggested Citation

  • Szymon Firląg & Mariusz Rogulski & Artur Badyda, 2018. "The Influence of Marine Traffic on Particulate Matter (PM) Levels in the Region of Danish Straits, North and Baltic Seas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:4231-:d:183346
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lijian Han & Weiqi Zhou & Weifeng Li, 2018. "Growing Urbanization and the Impact on Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Dynamics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-9, May.
    2. Nuttall, Peter & Newell, Alison & Prasad, Biman & Veitayaki, Joeli & Holland, Elisabeth, 2014. "A review of sustainable sea-transport for Oceania: Providing context for renewable energy shipping for the Pacific," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 283-287.
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    Cited by:

    1. Christos Petsas & Marinos Stylianou & Antonis Zorpas & Agapios Agapiou, 2020. "Measurements of Local Sources of Particulates with a Portable Monitor along the Coast of an Insular City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Monika Załuska & Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk, 2020. "Regression Model of PM2.5 Concentration in a Single-Family House," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Joanna Kizielewicz & Katarzyna Skrzeszewska, 2021. "Identifying Actions to Prepare Electricity Infrastructure in Seaports for Future Power Supplying Cruise Ships with Energy from Land," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-14, December.

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