IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jrisks/v12y2024i12p186-d1529051.html

The Effect of Risk Management on Direct and Indirect Capital Structure Deviations

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaoyi Li

    (School of Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, 555, Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China)

  • Yung-Ming Shiu

    (Department of Risk Management and Insurance, Research Fellow, Risk and Insurance Research Center, College of Commerce, National Chengchi University, 64, Sec. 2, Zhi-Nan Road, Wen-Shan District, Taipei 11605, Taiwan)

Abstract

This study explores the effect of risk management on capital structure deviations. Specifically, we innovatively classify capital structure deviations into direct and indirect deviations, with our classification being based on deviations resulting mainly from changes in either actual or target leverage. Thus, if the variation in the actual leverage exceeds the variation in the target leverage, this deviation is considered direct. Conversely, if the target leverage varies more than the actual leverage, it is considered an indirect deviation. Our results reveal that risk management can help reduce these deviations, which mainly result from changes in actual leverage. We further demonstrate that insurers with direct deviations adjust their capital structure approximately 29.2% faster than insurers with indirect deviations.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoyi Li & Yung-Ming Shiu, 2024. "The Effect of Risk Management on Direct and Indirect Capital Structure Deviations," Risks, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-14, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:12:y:2024:i:12:p:186-:d:1529051
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/12/12/186/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/12/12/186/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Faulkender, Michael & Flannery, Mark J. & Hankins, Kristine Watson & Smith, Jason M., 2012. "Cash flows and leverage adjustments," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(3), pages 632-646.
    2. Cook, Douglas O. & Fu, Xudong & Tang, Tian, 2016. "Are target leverage ratios stable? Investigating the impact of corporate asset restructuring," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 150-168.
    3. repec:bla:jfinan:v:44:y:1989:i:1:p:19-40 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Hayne E. Leland., 1998. "Agency Costs, Risk Management, and Capital Structure," Research Program in Finance Working Papers RPF-278, University of California at Berkeley.
    5. Cook, Douglas O. & Tang, Tian, 2010. "Macroeconomic conditions and capital structure adjustment speed," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 73-87, February.
    6. Andre P. Liebenberg & David W. Sommer, 2008. "Effects of Corporate Diversification: Evidence From the Property–Liability Insurance Industry," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 75(4), pages 893-919, December.
    7. Lian, Yujun & Wang, Jun & Huang, Manqi, 2024. "Fast or slow: Unveiling the speed of market leverage adjustment in China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    8. Hovakimian, Armen & Hovakimian, Gayane & Tehranian, Hassan, 2004. "Determinants of target capital structure: The case of dual debt and equity issues," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 517-540, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Qian Wang & Duowen Wu & Lina Yan, 2021. "Effect of positive tone in MD&A disclosure on capital structure adjustment speed: evidence from China," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(4), pages 5809-5845, December.
    2. Aflatooni, Abbas & Ghaderi, Kaveh & Mansouri, Kefsan, 2022. "Sanctions against Iran, political connections and speed of adjustment," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(PB).
    3. G. Oka Warmana & I. Ketut Rahyuda & Ida Bagus Anom Purbawangsa & Ni Luh Gede Sri Artini, 2020. "Investigating Capital Structure Speed of Adjustment (SOA) of Indonesian Companies for Corporate Value," Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Springer;Global Institute of Flexible Systems Management, vol. 21(3), pages 215-231, September.
    4. Bontempi, Maria Elena & Bottazzi, Laura & Golinelli, Roberto, 2020. "A multilevel index of heterogeneous short-term and long-term debt dynamics," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Dallocchio, Maurizio & D’Ercole, Francesco & Frascati, Domenico & Mariani, Massimo, 2025. "Climate transition and the speed of leverage adjustment," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    6. Tan, Kelvin Jui Keng & Zhou, Qing & Pan, Zheyao & Faff, Robert, 2021. "Business shocks and corporate leverage," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    7. Zhang, Man & Brookins, Oscar T. & Huang, Xiaowei, 2022. "The crowding out effect of central versus local government debt: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    8. Elena Alexandra Nenu & Georgeta Vintilă & Ştefan Cristian Gherghina, 2018. "The Impact of Capital Structure on Risk and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence for the Bucharest Stock Exchange Listed Companies," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-29, April.
    9. Amini, Shahram & Elmore, Ryan & Öztekin, Özde & Strauss, Jack, 2021. "Can machines learn capital structure dynamics?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    10. Zhou, Qing & Tan, Kelvin Jui Keng & Faff, Robert & Zhu, Yushu, 2016. "Deviation from target capital structure, cost of equity and speed of adjustment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 99-120.
    11. Christopher F. Baum & Mustafa Caglayan & Abdul Rashid, 2017. "Capital structure adjustments: Do macroeconomic and business risks matter?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 1463-1502, December.
    12. Cook, Douglas O. & Fu, Xudong & Tang, Tian, 2016. "Are target leverage ratios stable? Investigating the impact of corporate asset restructuring," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 150-168.
    13. Nguyen, Thao & Bai, Min & Hou, Yang & Vu, Manh-Chien, 2021. "Corporate governance and dynamics capital structure: evidence from Vietnam," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    14. Natalia Szomko, 2017. "The Importance of Estimation Method Choice for the Analysis of the Determinants of Capital Structure– An Example of Poland," World Journal of Applied Economics, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 3(1), pages 3-20, June.
    15. Li, Bin & Sun, Jiawei & Xu, Lei & Guo, Fei, 2026. "Fintech engagement by non-financial firms and the speed of capital structure adjustment," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    16. Dudley, Evan, 2012. "Capital structure and large investment projects," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 1168-1192.
    17. Ernest Ezeani & Rami Salem & Frank Kwabi & Khalid Boutaine & Bilal & Bushra Komal, 2022. "Board monitoring and capital structure dynamics: evidence from bank-based economies," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 473-498, February.
    18. Le, Ha Trang & Nguyen, Thao & Hunjra, Ahmed Imran & Truong, Cameron & Ntim, Collins, 2025. "CEO characteristics and capital structure dynamics: Evidence from a transitional economy," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    19. Peng Huang & Yue Lu & Robert Faff, 2021. "Social trust and the speed of corporate leverage adjustment: evidence from around the globe," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(2), pages 3261-3303, June.
    20. Grau-Vera, David & Rubio, Gonzalo & Sogorb-Mira, Francisco, 2025. "Time-varying risk aversion and capital Structure: An overlooked effect," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:12:y:2024:i:12:p:186-:d:1529051. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.