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Investigation of Bio-Oil and Biochar Derived from Cotton Stalk Pyrolysis: Effect of Different Reaction Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Hussien Elshareef

    (Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    Key Laboratory of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
    National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Obid Tursunov

    (Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    Department of Power Supply and Renewable Energy Sources, National Research University TIIAME, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
    College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Beisi Road, Shihezi 832000, China)

  • Sihao Ren

    (Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Katarzyna Śpiewak

    (The Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Alina Rahayu Mohamed

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Jejawi Complex of Academics (3), UniMAP, Arau Perlis 02600, Malaysia)

  • Yongkun Fu

    (Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Renjie Dong

    (Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    Key Laboratory of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
    National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Yuguang Zhou

    (Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    Key Laboratory of Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
    National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China)

Abstract

This work aimed to conduct a kinetic study of cotton stalks (CSs) through TGA to examine the impact of reaction conditions on bio-oil yield derived from CS slow pyrolysis using a tube furnace lab-scale reactor, as well as a characterization of bio-oil and biochar products. The iso-conversional approaches of Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) were applied to estimate kinetic parameter activation energy (E a ) for the range of conversion degrees (α = 0.1–0.9). The kinetic results demonstrated that the average values of E a for secondary pyrolysis were lower compared to those of primary pyrolysis; this could be explained by the fact that mainly cellulose degrades during primary pyrolysis, which requires more energy to be degraded. The pyrolysis findings indicated that the highest yield of bio-oil was 38.5%, which occurred at conditions of 500 °C and 0.5–1 mm size, while retention time showed an insignificant effect on pyrolysis oil. GC–MS analysis demonstrated that bio-oil is dominated by phenol compounds, which account for more than 40% of its components. SEM and XRD analyses emphasized that biochar is porous and has an amorphous shape, respectively. It can be concluded that these outcomes confirm that CSs have the potential to be a good candidate for a feedstock material for bioenergy production via the pyrolysis process.

Suggested Citation

  • Hussien Elshareef & Obid Tursunov & Sihao Ren & Katarzyna Śpiewak & Alina Rahayu Mohamed & Yongkun Fu & Renjie Dong & Yuguang Zhou, 2025. "Investigation of Bio-Oil and Biochar Derived from Cotton Stalk Pyrolysis: Effect of Different Reaction Conditions," Resources, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:14:y:2025:i:5:p:75-:d:1644564
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Al Afif, Rafat & Anayah, S. Sean & Pfeifer, Christoph, 2020. "Batch pyrolysis of cotton stalks for evaluation of biochar energy potential," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2250-2258.
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