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Modeling the Effects of Speed and Red-Light Cameras and Traffic Signal Countdown Timers at Pre-Timed Controlled Intersections on Traffic Flow

Author

Listed:
  • Omar Almutairi

    (Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia)

  • Muhammad Imran Khan

    (Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

In this study, the effects of speed and red-light cameras (SRLCs) and traffic signal countdown timers (TSCTs) on the operation of pre-timed signalized intersections were studied through startup lost times (SLTs) and saturation time headways (STHs). The study used the beanplots package version 1.3.1 in R statistical software to graph and find the first STH that occurred in a queue. Then, one-way analysis of variance was used twice to explore the effects of the separate and joint use of SRLCs and TSCTs on the operation of pre-timed signalized intersections. The results show that SRLC use does not have a significant direct impact on the operation of pre-timed signalized intersections, but SRLC interacts negatively with TSCT use. In addition, TSCT use was shown to improve the operation of pre-timed signalized intersections by decreasing the SLT and STH. For SLT, the effect size of TSCT use depends on the presence or absence of SRLC use, and its reduction ranges from 0.5 to 1.25 s per queue. As for STH, the effect size of TSCT use does not depend on the presence or absence of SRLC use, and its reduction ranges from 0.08 to 0.12 s per vehicle, corresponding to 0.8–1.2 s per queue, given that there are 10 vehicles in the queue.

Suggested Citation

  • Omar Almutairi & Muhammad Imran Khan, 2025. "Modeling the Effects of Speed and Red-Light Cameras and Traffic Signal Countdown Timers at Pre-Timed Controlled Intersections on Traffic Flow," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:13:y:2025:i:16:p:2615-:d:1725028
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yi Zhao & Wenbo Zhang & Jian Lu & Wenjun Zhang & Yongfeng Ma, 2015. "Estimation of Saturation Flow Rate and Start-Up Lost Time for Signal Timing Based on Headway Distribution," Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Hindawi, vol. 2015, pages 1-7, August.
    2. Kampstra, Peter, 2008. "Beanplot: A Boxplot Alternative for Visual Comparison of Distributions," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 28(c01).
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