IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v10y2022i7p1093-d781552.html

Impact of Stratum Composition Changes on the Accuracy of the Estimates in a Sample Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Danutė Krapavickaitė

    (Department of Mathematical Statistics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania)

Abstract

The study is devoted to measuring the impact of the element changes on the bias and variance of the estimator of the total in a sample business survey. Stratified simple random sampling is usually used in business surveys. Enterprises may join, split or change the stratum between sample selection and data collection. Assuming a model for enterprises joining and a model for the enterprises changing the stratum with some probability, expressions for the adjusted estimators of the total and the adjusted estimators of their variances are proposed. The influence of the enterprise changes on the variances of the estimators of the total is measured by the relative differences, i.e., by comparing them with the estimators, if there were no changes. The analytic results are illustrated with a simulation study using modified enterprise data. The simulation results demonstrate a large impact of the enterprise changes on the accuracy of the estimates, even in the case of the low probability of changes. The simulation results justify the need for adjustment of the enterprise changes between the sample selection and data collection, in order to improve the accuracy of results and the adjustment method available.

Suggested Citation

  • Danutė Krapavickaitė, 2022. "Impact of Stratum Composition Changes on the Accuracy of the Estimates in a Sample Survey," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:7:p:1093-:d:781552
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/7/1093/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/7/1093/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. A Stefano Caria & Grant Gordon & Maximilian Kasy & Simon Quinn & Soha Osman Shami & Alexander Teytelboym, 2024. "An Adaptive Targeted Field Experiment: Job Search Assistance for Refugees in Jordan," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 22(2), pages 781-836.
    2. Florence H. Yong & Lu Tian & Sheng Yu & Tianxi Cai & L. J. Wei, 2016. "Optimal stratification in outcome prediction using baseline information," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 103(4), pages 817-828.
    3. Jean-François Beaumont, 2008. "A new approach to weighting and inference in sample surveys," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 95(3), pages 539-553.
    4. Faizan Danish & S. E. H. Rizvi, 2021. "Approximately optimum strata boundaries for two concomitant stratification variables under proportional allocation," Statistics in Transition New Series, Polish Statistical Association, vol. 22(4), pages 19-40, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:osf:osfxxx:nwp8k_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. G. R. V. Triveni & Faizan Danish & Melfi Alrasheedi, 2025. "Application of Log-Type Estimators for Addressing Non-Response in Survey Sampling Using Real Datasets," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-30, March.
    3. Özler, Berk & Çelik, Çiğdem & Cunningham, Scott & Cuevas, P. Facundo & Parisotto, Luca, 2021. "Children on the move: Progressive redistribution of humanitarian cash transfers among refugees," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    4. Bahety, Girija & Bauhoff, Sebastian & Patel, Dev & Potter, James, 2021. "Texts don’t nudge: An adaptive trial to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    5. repec:wbk:wbrwps:10250 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Faizan Danish & Rafia Jan & Muhammad Daniyal & Kassim Tawiah, 2023. "Optimum Stratification Using Dynamic Programming with a Mixture of Ratio and Product Estimators under Super Population Model," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2023(1).
    7. Zhiheng You, 2026. "Using Prior Studies to Design Experiments: An Empirical Bayes Approach," Papers 2602.20581, arXiv.org.
    8. D. R. Cox, 2009. "Randomization in the Design of Experiments," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 77(3), pages 415-429, December.
    9. Molly Offer-Westort & Leah R. Rosenzweig & Susan Athey, 2024. "Battling the coronavirus ‘infodemic’ among social media users in Kenya and Nigeria," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 8(5), pages 823-834, May.
    10. Masselus, Lise & Petrik, Christina & Ankel-Peters, Jörg, 2024. "Lost in the design space? Construct validity in the microfinance literature," Ruhr Economic Papers 1097, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    11. A. Sikov & J. M. Stern, 2019. "Application of the full Bayesian significance test to model selection under informative sampling," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 89-104, February.
    12. Xu Kuang & Stefan Wager, 2024. "Weak Signal Asymptotics for Sequentially Randomized Experiments," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(10), pages 7024-7041, October.
    13. Xiaoxue Sherry Gao & Glenn W. Harrison & Rusty Tchernis, 2023. "Behavioral welfare economics and risk preferences: a Bayesian approach," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 26(2), pages 273-303, April.
    14. Guido Imbens & Chao Qin & Stefan Wager, 2025. "Admissibility of Completely Randomized Trials: A Large-Deviation Approach," Papers 2506.05329, arXiv.org.
    15. Cavanagh,Jack & Fliegner,Jasmin Claire & Kopper,Sarah & Sautmann,Anja, 2023. "A Metadata Schema for Data from Experiments in the Social Sciences," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10296, The World Bank.
    16. Sonia Laszlo & Carolina de Miranda & Franque Grimard & Tania Insfrán & Thomas Kokossou & Laura Morínigo & Jim Warnick, 2025. "Norm-Shifting Interventions and Beliefs about Gender Norms in Paraguay," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 73(4), pages 1797-1834.
    17. Keisuke Hirano & Jack R. Porter, 2023. "Asymptotic Representations for Sequential Decisions, Adaptive Experiments, and Batched Bandits," Papers 2302.03117, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2025.
    18. Sonan Memon, 2021. "Machine Learning for Economists: An Introduction," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 60(2), pages 201-211.
    19. Karun Adusumilli, 2025. "Risk and Optimal Policies in Bandit Experiments," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 93(3), pages 1003-1029, May.
    20. Saskia Opitz & Dirk Sliwka & Timo Vogelsang & Tom Zimmermann, 2022. "The Targeted Assignment of Incentive Schemes," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 187, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    21. Sarzin, Zara Inga, 2025. "Advancing the Jobs Agenda : Toward Self-Reliance in Refugee Situations," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11246, The World Bank.
    22. Achim Ahrens & Alessandra Stampi‐Bombelli & Selina Kurer & Dominik Hangartner, 2024. "Optimal multi‐action treatment allocation: A two‐phase field experiment to boost immigrant naturalization," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(7), pages 1379-1395, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:7:p:1093-:d:781552. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.