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Continuous-Control-Set Model Predictive Control for Three-Level DC–DC Converter with Unbalanced Loads in Bipolar Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Sadiq

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan)

  • Carlos Alfaro Aragon

    (Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, 08800 Villanova, Spain)

  • Yacine Terriche

    (Center for Research on Microgrids, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Syed Wajahat Ali

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan)

  • Chun-Lien Su

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan)

  • Ľuboš Buzna

    (Department of Mathematical Methods and Operations Research, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, SK-01026 Zilina, Slovakia)

  • Mahmoud Elsisi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan
    Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo 11629, Egypt)

  • Chung-Hong Lee

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan)

Abstract

Zero-emission transportation is currently a public priority, especially in big cities. For this reason, the use of electric vehicles (EVs) is receiving much attention. To facilitate the adoption of EVs, a proper charging infrastructure together with energy management is essential. This article proposes a design guideline for a direct current (DC) charging station with bipolar properties. A bipolar system can convert a two-wire system into three wires in a microgrid system with a neutral line. The configuration of the bipolar system supports different loads; therefore, the unbalanced operation is inherent to the system. The proposed bipolar DC charging station (CS) has a three-level balancing converter that reduces the step-down effort chargers. Moreover, this paper proposes the continuous-control-set model predictive control (CCS-MPC)-based balancing strategy that allows the handling of different output loads while keeping the neutral-line voltage efficiently regulated with improved dynamic performance compared to a traditional controller. Stability and parameter robustness analyses are also performed for the control parameter selection. To ensure the performance of the proposed method, both simulation and experimental results are presented and compared with those obtained from the traditional methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Sadiq & Carlos Alfaro Aragon & Yacine Terriche & Syed Wajahat Ali & Chun-Lien Su & Ľuboš Buzna & Mahmoud Elsisi & Chung-Hong Lee, 2022. "Continuous-Control-Set Model Predictive Control for Three-Level DC–DC Converter with Unbalanced Loads in Bipolar Electric Vehicle Charging Stations," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:19:p:3444-:d:921755
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Byung-Moon Han, 2016. "A Half-Bridge Voltage Balancer with New Controller for Bipolar DC Distribution Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Muhammad Umair Mutarraf & Yacine Terriche & Kamran Ali Khan Niazi & Juan C. Vasquez & Josep M. Guerrero, 2018. "Energy Storage Systems for Shipboard Microgrids—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-32, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lingqin Xia & Guang Chen & Tao Wu & Yu Gao & Ardashir Mohammadzadeh & Ebrahim Ghaderpour, 2022. "Optimal Intelligent Control for Doubly Fed Induction Generators," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Syed Wajahat Ali & Anant Kumar Verma & Yacine Terriche & Muhammad Sadiq & Chun-Lien Su & Chung-Hong Lee & Mahmoud Elsisi, 2022. "Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control for Low-Voltage-Ride-Through Enhancement of PMSG Based Wind Energy Grid Connection Systems," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(22), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Denis Sidorov, 2023. "Preface to “Model Predictive Control and Optimization for Cyber-Physical Systems”," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-3, February.

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