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Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Green Infrastructure along the Urban-Rural Gradient of the Cities of Bujumbura, Kinshasa and Lubumbashi

Author

Listed:
  • Henri Kabanyegeye

    (Research Centre of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Burundi, Bujumbura P.O. Box 2700, Burundi
    Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium)

  • Nadège Cizungu Cirezi

    (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
    Department of Environment and Land Resources Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Evangelical University in Africa, Bukavu P.O. Box 3323, Democratic Republic of the Congo)

  • Héritier Khoji Muteya

    (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
    Ecology, Ecological Restoration and landscape Research Unit, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi P.O. Box 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo)

  • Didier Mbarushimana

    (Burundian Office for Environmental Protection, Bujumbura P.O. Box 2757, Burundi)

  • Léa Mukubu Pika

    (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium)

  • Waselin Salomon

    (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
    Henri Christophe Campus in Limonade, State University of Haiti, Rte Nationale #6 Limonade, Limonade 1130, Haiti)

  • Yannick Useni Sikuzani

    (Ecology, Ecological Restoration and landscape Research Unit, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi P.O. Box 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo)

  • Kouagou Raoul Sambieni

    (Post-University Regional School of Integrated Planning and Management of Tropical Forests and Territories (ERAIFT), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa BP 15373, Democratic Republic of the Congo
    Faculty of Architecture, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi BP 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo)

  • Tatien Masharabu

    (Research Centre of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Burundi, Bujumbura P.O. Box 2700, Burundi)

  • Jan Bogaert

    (Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium)

Abstract

This study analyses the dynamics of green infrastructure (GI) in the cities of Bujumbura, Kinshasa, and Lubumbashi. A remote sensing approach, combined with landscape ecology metrics, characterized this analysis, which was based on three Landsat images acquired in 2000, 2013, and 2022 for each city. Spatial pattern indices reveal that GI was suppressed in Bujumbura and Kinshasa, in contrast to Lubumbashi, which exhibited fragmentation. Furthermore, the values of stability, aggregation, and fractal dimension metrics suggest that Bujumbura experienced rather intense dynamics and a reduction in the continuity of its GI, while Kinshasa showed weaker dynamics and tendencies towards patch aggregation during the study period. In contrast, Lubumbashi exhibited strong dynamics and aggregation of its GI within a context of significant anthropization. The evolution of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index demonstrates a sawtooth pattern in the evolution of tall vegetation patches in Bujumbura, compared to a gradual decrease in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi. It is recommended that urban growth in these cities should be carefully planned to ensure the integration of sufficient GI.

Suggested Citation

  • Henri Kabanyegeye & Nadège Cizungu Cirezi & Héritier Khoji Muteya & Didier Mbarushimana & Léa Mukubu Pika & Waselin Salomon & Yannick Useni Sikuzani & Kouagou Raoul Sambieni & Tatien Masharabu & Jan B, 2024. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Green Infrastructure along the Urban-Rural Gradient of the Cities of Bujumbura, Kinshasa and Lubumbashi," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:9:p:1467-:d:1475105
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Makeleni, Mphumzi & Sheefeni, Johannes P.S., 2022. "Life Insurance and Economic Growth in South Africa," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 75(2), pages 213-240.
    3. Bolund, Per & Hunhammar, Sven, 1999. "Ecosystem services in urban areas," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 293-301, May.
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