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Analysis of Urban Green Spaces Based on Sentinel-2A: Case Studies from Slovakia

Author

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  • Monika Kopecká

    (Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štefánikova 49, 814 73 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Daniel Szatmári

    (Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štefánikova 49, 814 73 Bratislava, Slovakia)

  • Konštantín Rosina

    (Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, Italy)

Abstract

Urban expansion and its ecological footprint increases globally at an unprecedented scale and consequently, the importance of urban greenery assessment grows. The diversity and quality of urban green spaces (UGS) and human well-being are tightly linked, and UGS provide a wide range of ecosystem services (e.g., urban heat mitigation, stormwater infiltration, food security, physical recreation). Analyses and inter-city comparison of UGS patterns and their functions requires not only detailed information on their relative quantity but also a closer examination of UGS in terms of quality and land use, which can be derived from the land cover composition and spatial structure. In this study, we present an approach to UGS extraction from newly available Sentinel-2A satellite imagery, provided in the frame of the European Copernicus program. We investigate and map the spatial distribution of UGS in three cities in Slovakia: Bratislava, Žilina and Trnava. Supervised maximum likelihood classification was used to identify UGS polygons. Based on their function and physiognomy, each UGS polygon was assigned to one of the fifteen classes, and each class was further described by the proportion of tree canopy and its ecosystem services. Our results document that the substantial part of UGS is covered by the class Urban greenery in family housing areas (mainly including privately-owned gardens) with the class abundance between 17.7% and 42.2% of the total UGS area. The presented case studies showed the possibilities of semi-automatic extraction of UGS classes from Sentinel-2A data that may improve the transfer of scientific knowledge to local urban environmental monitoring and management.

Suggested Citation

  • Monika Kopecká & Daniel Szatmári & Konštantín Rosina, 2017. "Analysis of Urban Green Spaces Based on Sentinel-2A: Case Studies from Slovakia," Land, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:25-:d:95781
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bolund, Per & Hunhammar, Sven, 1999. "Ecosystem services in urban areas," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 293-301, May.
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    3. Peter Bezák & Peter Mederly & Zita Izakovičová & Milena Moyzeová & Magdaléna Bezáková, 2020. "Perception of Ecosystem Services in Constituting Multi-Functional Landscapes in Slovakia," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-18, June.
    4. Greg D. Simpson & Jackie Parker, 2018. "Data for an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of a Public Green Infrastructure and Urban Nature Space in Perth, Western Australia," Data, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Roberto De Lotto & Matilde Sessi & Elisabetta M. Venco, 2022. "Semi-Automatic Method to Evaluate Ecological Value of Urban Settlements with the Biotope Area Factor Index: Sources and Logical Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-32, February.
    6. Neier, Thomas, 2023. "The green divide: A spatial analysis of segregation-based environmental inequality in Vienna," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    7. Peihao Song & Gunwoo Kim & Audrey Mayer & Ruizhen He & Guohang Tian, 2020. "Assessing the Ecosystem Services of Various Types of Urban Green Spaces Based on i-Tree Eco," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-16, February.
    8. Vasyl Yukhnovskyi & Olha Zibtseva, 2020. "Green space trends in small towns of Kyiv region according to EOS Land Viewer - a case study," Journal of Forest Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 66(6), pages 252-263.
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    10. Monika Kopecká & Harini Nagendra & Andrew Millington, 2018. "Urban Land Systems: An Ecosystems Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-4, January.
    11. Leisenheimer, Leonie & Wellmann, Thilo & Jänicke, Clemens & Haase, Dagmar, 2024. "Monitoring drought impacts on street trees using remote sensing - Disentangling temporal and species-specific response patterns with Sentinel-2 imagery," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 82, pages 1-14.
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    13. Dongwoo Lee & Kyushik Oh & Jungeun Suh, 2022. "Diagnosis and Prioritization of Vulnerable Areas of Urban Ecosystem Regulation Services," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.
    14. Thomas Panagopoulos & Stilianos Tampakis & Paraskevi Karanikola & Aikaterini Karipidou-Kanari & Apostolos Kantartzis, 2018. "The Usage and Perception of Pedestrian and Cycling Streets on Residents’ Well-being in Kalamaria, Greece," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-17, August.
    15. Jackie Parker & Greg D. Simpson, 2018. "Public Green Infrastructure Contributes to City Livability: A Systematic Quantitative Review," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-26, December.
    16. Greg D. Simpson & Jackie Parker, 2018. "Data on Peer-Reviewed Papers about Green Infrastructure, Urban Nature, and City Liveability," Data, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-10, November.
    17. Vasyl Yukhnovskyi & Olha Zibtseva, 2019. "Normalization of green space as a component of ecological stability of a town," Journal of Forest Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 65(11), pages 428-437.
    18. Yetondé Deton & Hodabalo Kamou & Abalo Atato & Bimare Kombate & Abalo Mabafei & Josef Yoka & Marra Dourma & Atsu Kudzo Guelly & Komlan Batawila & Koffi Akpagana, 2025. "Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Green Spaces and Climatic Vulnerability of Togolese Cities in the Context of Rapid Urbanisation: The Case of Lome and Kara," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-29, February.

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