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Spatiotemporal Transfer of Source-Sink Landscape Ecological Risk in a Karst Lake Watershed Based on Sub-Watersheds

Author

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  • Zhongfa Zhou

    (School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Weiquan Zhao

    (School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
    Institute of Mountain Resources in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Sisi Lv

    (Institute of Mountain Resources in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Denghong Huang

    (School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Zulun Zhao

    (Institute of Mountain Resources in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550001, China)

  • Yaopeng Sun

    (School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
    National Engineering Research Center for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
    The Engineering Branch of the Third Institute of Surveying and Mapping of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550001, China)

Abstract

Non-point source pollution is an important source of ecological risk in karst lakes. The process of source–sink landscapes is the main pathway of pollution migration and plays an important role in water quality. In this study, the ecological risk evolution in the past 30 years was studied in a karst lake watershed with 495 sub-basins as the basic evaluation unit, and the risk assessment model of non-point source pollution was improved by using rainfall and fertilizer application. The results show that (1) the area of cultivated land shrank significantly, with forest land and construction land showing an upward trend in general; (2) the layout of the sink landscape continuously shrank, while the source landscape gradually expanded, and the space of high load values further increased and shifted from a flower-like layout distribution to concentrated contiguity, with some values exceeding 0.5; (3) the 252 sub-watersheds of the sink landscape migrated from very low risk to low risk, while the risk of the source landscape changed from medium risk to high and very high risk in 48 sub-watersheds; and (4) in terms of the overall trend of ecological risk transformation of the source–sink landscape, the transformation of sink landscapes to source landscapes was greater than that of source landscapes to sink landscapes, and the overall ecological risk showed an increasing trend.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhongfa Zhou & Weiquan Zhao & Sisi Lv & Denghong Huang & Zulun Zhao & Yaopeng Sun, 2023. "Spatiotemporal Transfer of Source-Sink Landscape Ecological Risk in a Karst Lake Watershed Based on Sub-Watersheds," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:7:p:1330-:d:1185093
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiaoyan Bai & Wen Shen & Peng Wang & Xiaohong Chen & Yanhu He, 2020. "Response of Non-point Source Pollution Loads to Land Use Change under Different Precipitation Scenarios from a Future Perspective," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(13), pages 3987-4002, October.
    2. Ying Xu & Haiping Tang & Bojie Wang & Jiao Chen, 2017. "Effects of landscape patterns on soil erosion processes in a mountain–basin system in the North China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 87(3), pages 1567-1585, July.
    3. Chen, Shaoqing & Chen, Bin & Fath, Brian D., 2013. "Ecological risk assessment on the system scale: A review of state-of-the-art models and future perspectives," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 25-33.
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    1. Quanxi Li & Biao Ma & Liwei Zhao & Zixuan Mao & Xuelu Liu, 2024. "Study on Spatial and Temporal Changes in Landscape Ecological Risks and Indicator Weights: A Case Study of the Bailong River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-25, February.
    2. Ana Milanović Pešić & Tamara Jojić Glavonjić & Stefan Denda & Dejana Jakovljević, 2023. "Sustainable Tourism Development and Ramsar Sites in Serbia: Exploring Residents’ Attitudes and Water Quality Assessment in the Vlasina Protected Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-27, October.
    3. Ying Xia & Jia Li & Enhua Li & Jiajia Liu, 2023. "Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Landscape Ecological Risk in the Four Lakes Basin on the Jianghan Plain, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-21, September.

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