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WEF Nexus Policy Review of Four Mediterranean Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Davide Bazzana

    (Department of Economics and Management, Università Degli Studi di Brescia, 25122 Brescia, Italy
    Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, 20123 Milan, Italy)

  • Nicola Comincioli

    (Department of Economics and Management, Università Degli Studi di Brescia, 25122 Brescia, Italy
    Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, 20123 Milan, Italy)

  • Cristina El Khoury

    (Department of Economics and Management, Università Degli Studi di Brescia, 25122 Brescia, Italy
    Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, 20123 Milan, Italy)

  • Fernando Nardi

    (Water Resources Research and Documentation Centre (WARREDOC), Università Per Stranieri di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
    Institute of Environment (InWE), Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA)

  • Sergio Vergalli

    (Department of Economics and Management, Università Degli Studi di Brescia, 25122 Brescia, Italy
    Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, 20123 Milan, Italy)

Abstract

The Water–Energy–Food (WEF) nexus describes natural resource use in the context of social needs and economic development, addressing food, water, and energy security. Population growth and rising economic prosperity will increase the demand for energy, food, and water in the Mediterranean region, compromising the sustainable use of resources. As governments are required to make decisions in order to cope with increasing demands for resources, this paper performs a review of the legislation and WEF policies, identifying the main political and institutional actors involved and the possible policy (in)coherence in four MED countries located on two continents: Egypt, Italy, Spain, and Tunisia. This choice will allow the identification of the barriers and catalysts influencing the implementation of WEF policies and will improve our understanding of the WEF trade-offs and synergies by exploring them on national, regional, and local scales.

Suggested Citation

  • Davide Bazzana & Nicola Comincioli & Cristina El Khoury & Fernando Nardi & Sergio Vergalli, 2023. "WEF Nexus Policy Review of Four Mediterranean Countries," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:473-:d:1068151
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tellioglu, Isin & Konandreas, Panos, 2017. "Agricultural Policies, Trade and Sustainable Development in Egypt," National Policies, Trade and Sustainable Development 320158, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD).
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    Cited by:

    1. Gertrud Buchenrieder & Wubneshe D. Biru & Vito Aurelio Cerasola & Francesco Orsini & Michael Reuter & Eleni Bolieraki & Osnat Gillor & Luna Al-Hadidi & Amer Sweity & Abdallah Oukarroum & Bouchra Darka, 2026. "Bridging policy silos: governance challenges and opportunities in the WEFE nexus of non-EU PRIMA partner countries – a systematic literature review," Sustainability Nexus Forum, Springer, vol. 34(1), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Nicola Comincioli & Cristina El Khoury & Davide Bazzana & Demis Legrenzi & Fernando Nardi & Daniel A. Segovia‐Cardozo & Sergio Vergalli & Leonor Rodríguez‐Sinobas, 2025. "Towards sustainable climate‐smart agriculture: A cost–benefit analysis of a modernized irrigation district in Spain," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 96(3), pages 513-542, September.

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