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Sustainable Tourism and Natural Protected Areas: Exploring Local Population Perceptions in a Post-Conflict Scenario

Author

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  • Delia M. Andries

    (Diffuse Pollution of Water Resources and Soil Research Group, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council, 28006 Madrid, Spain)

  • Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Transport, Territory and Urbanism, Higher Technical School of Engineering of Roads, Channels and Ports, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Pablo Díaz-Rodríguez

    (Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain)

  • Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui

    (Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • María F. Schmitz

    (Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

The expansion of urban areas around the world and the application of the sustainability paradigm to tourism discourses has favored an increase in the number of people visiting natural protected areas (NPAs) in their leisure time. While tourism is desired to boost the economy of destinations, mismanagement can bring negative consequences for social–ecological systems, particularly in post-conflict rural scenarios. In the context of a broader ethnographic research, we analyzed the perceptions of the local population about tourism development in the NPA Jaltepeque Estuary (El Salvador, Central America) and the establishment of a Biosphere Reserve in the area, using structured questionnaires and Multiple Correspondence Analysis for the typification of social actors. We found that overall, the population regards positively the development of tourism in the area. Fishermen are the only ones who highlight the negative economic consequences of tourism development, claiming disparity in the distribution of benefits and an increase in the cost of living. We conclude that although tourism development is an activity desired by local people, there is a need in the community to discuss how this process of socio-economic transformation should be approached and an evident conflict between two different models: the one desired and offered by the population and the one that is currently being developed in the nearby Costa del Sol corridor.

Suggested Citation

  • Delia M. Andries & Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz & Pablo Díaz-Rodríguez & Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui & María F. Schmitz, 2021. "Sustainable Tourism and Natural Protected Areas: Exploring Local Population Perceptions in a Post-Conflict Scenario," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:331-:d:522710
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Ľubomír Štrba & Jana Kolačkovská & Branislav Kršák & Csaba Sidor & Marián Lukáč, 2022. "Perception of the Impacts of Tourism by the Administrations of Protected Areas and Sustainable Tourism (Un)Development in Slovakia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Volodymyr YERMACHENKO & Svitlana MELNYCHENKO & Mykola SIDAK & Tetiana DUPLIAK & Tetiana LOSITSKA, 2024. "Sustainable tourism in the post-war reconstruction of territorial communities in Ukraine," Access Journal, Access Press Publishing House, vol. 5(1), pages 34-57, November.
    4. Carlos Mestanza-Ramón & Rita Lara-Váscones & Demmy Mora-Silva & Celene B. Milanes & Angélica Saeteros-Hernández & Maritza Sánchez-Capa & Angel Cunalata-Garcia, 2022. "Charapa Turtles ( Podocnemis unifilis ), an Opportunity to Improve Community Tourism and Contribute to Their Conservation in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-13, June.
    5. Inci Zeynep Aydin & Atakan Öztürk, 2023. "Identifying, Monitoring, and Evaluating Sustainable Ecotourism Management Criteria and Indicators for Protected Areas in Türkiye: The Case of Camili Biosphere Reserve," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, February.
    6. Mohd Alsaleh & Zhengyong Yang & Tinggui Chen & A. S. Abdul‐Rahim, 2023. "Unveiling the linkage between hydropower growth and tourism sustainability in EU27 region: An empirical analysis," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(3), pages 1704-1719, June.

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