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Latent Trajectories and Risk Factors of Prenatal Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Southwestern China—A Longitudinal Study

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  • Yuwen Gao

    (Department of Medical Record Management, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
    Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China)

  • Xian Tang

    (School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
    Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China)

  • Ruibin Deng

    (Chongqing Shapingba District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400030, China)

  • Jiaxiu Liu

    (College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China)

  • Xiaoni Zhong

    (School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
    Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China)

Abstract

(1) Background: Few studies have explored the heterogeneity of trajectories of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms during pregnancy. This study aimed to explore the trajectory groups of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in women during pregnancy and the risk factors associated with those groups. (2) Methods: Data came from pregnant women recruited from January to September 2018 in four hospitals in Chongqing Province, China. A structured questionnaire was given to pregnant women, which collected basic information, including personal, family, and social information. The growth mixture model was applied to identify potential trajectory groups, and multinomial logistic regression was applied to analyze factors of trajectory groups. (3) Results: We identified three stress trajectory groups, three anxiety trajectory groups, and four depression trajectory groups. Less developed regions, inadequate family care, and inadequate social support were associated with a high risk of stress; residence, use of potentially teratogenic drugs, owning pets, family care, and social support were strongly associated with the anxiety trajectory group; family care and social support were the most critical factors for the depression trajectory group. (4) Conclusions: The trajectories of prenatal stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms are dynamic and heterogeneous. This study may provide some critical insights into the characteristics of women in the high-risk trajectory groups for early intervention to mitigate worsening symptoms.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuwen Gao & Xian Tang & Ruibin Deng & Jiaxiu Liu & Xiaoni Zhong, 2023. "Latent Trajectories and Risk Factors of Prenatal Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Southwestern China—A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:5:p:3818-:d:1075633
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bengt Muthén & Kerby Shedden, 1999. "Finite Mixture Modeling with Mixture Outcomes Using the EM Algorithm," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 55(2), pages 463-469, June.
    2. Hyejung Lee & Ki-Eun Kim & Mi-Young Kim & Chang Gi Park & Jung Yeol Han & Eun Jeong Choi, 2021. "Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety during Pregnancy and Associations with Pregnancy Stress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-12, March.
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