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The Influence of Climate on Flourishing and Motivational Outcomes for U.S. Masters Swimmers

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  • Mary D. Fry

    (Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA)

  • Troy O. Wineinger

    (Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA)

  • Haiying Long

    (Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA)

  • Marta Guivernau

    (School of Foundations, Leadership and Administration, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA)

  • Lori A. Gano-Overway

    (Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA)

  • Susumu Iwasaki

    (Department of Health and Human Performance, Fort Lewis College, Durango, CO 81301, USA)

Abstract

The climate in which older adults exercise and participate in sport may play a role in promoting a lifetime commitment to exercising. However, little research has examined the relationship of caring (C) and task-involving (TI) climates, motivation, and well-being with respect to older adult athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Masters swimmers’ perceptions of the climate, effort, enjoyment, and flourishing as well as explore the mediating effects of effort and enjoyment on the relationship between climate and flourishing. U.S. Masters swimmers ( n = 294; M age = 63.57 years; 84.40% White) with 1–80 years of swimming experience ( M = 34.54 years) participating in coach-led programs completed an online survey. The results of latent variable, multiple-mediator analyses via structural equation modeling revealed two important contributions to the literature: (1) when Masters swimmers perceived that they were in C and TI climates, they were more likely to report higher levels of effort and greater enjoyment and flourishing; (2) the Masters swimmers’ effort levels directly influenced their flourishing, mediating the relationship between climates and flourishing. This research has important implications for practice and policy, as U.S. Masters Swimming appears to be a fruitful avenue for promoting an enjoyable physical activity that can be experienced throughout a lifetime.

Suggested Citation

  • Mary D. Fry & Troy O. Wineinger & Haiying Long & Marta Guivernau & Lori A. Gano-Overway & Susumu Iwasaki, 2023. "The Influence of Climate on Flourishing and Motivational Outcomes for U.S. Masters Swimmers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1990-:d:1043371
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rosseel, Yves, 2012. "lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 48(i02).
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