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COVID and Gender: A Narrative Review of the Asia-Pacific Region

Author

Listed:
  • Colin W. Binns

    (School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mi Kyung Lee

    (Public Heath Nutrition Consultant, Perth 6845, Australia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Thi Thuy Duong Doan

    (Department of Population and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Andy Lee

    (School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Minh Pham

    (School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
    Department of Preventive Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yun Zhao

    (School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has been the largest infectious disease epidemic to affect the human race since the great influenza pandemic of 1918-19 and is close to approaching the number of deaths from the earlier epidemic. A review of available data and the numerous currently available studies on COVID-19 shows that the rate of clinical cases is about 10% greater in females than males in Asia. However, the number of deaths is greater in males than in females. Women are more likely to experience the psychological effects of COVID-19 during and after acute infections. A significant proportion of acute COVID-19 infections continue and their prolonged symptoms have been reported. Further studies are needed, including detailed serology, to measure and monitor the incidence of COVID-19. The pandemic has had a widespread impact on broader societies including shortages of food, lockdowns and isolation. The number of orphans in developing countries has increased. Women have had to bear the major impacts of these community effects. More research is required to develop better vaccines acting against new strains of the virus and to develop systems to distribute vaccines to all people.

Suggested Citation

  • Colin W. Binns & Mi Kyung Lee & Thi Thuy Duong Doan & Andy Lee & Minh Pham & Yun Zhao, 2022. "COVID and Gender: A Narrative Review of the Asia-Pacific Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:245-:d:1013315
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michiko Nagashima-Hayashi & Anna Durrance-Bagale & Manar Marzouk & Mengieng Ung & Sze Tung Lam & Pearlyn Neo & Natasha Howard, 2022. "Gender-Based Violence in the Asia-Pacific Region during COVID-19: A Hidden Pandemic behind Closed Doors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Aizenman, Joshua & Cukierman, Alex & Jinjarak, Yothin & Nair-Desai, Sameer & Xin, Weining, 2022. "Gaps between official and excess Covid-19 mortality measures: The effects of institutional quality and vaccinations," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    3. Catherine Ragasa & Isabel Lambrecht & Kristi Mahrt & Zin Wai Aung & Michael Wang, 2021. "Immediate impacts of COVID‐19 on female and male farmers in central Myanmar: Phone‐based household survey evidence," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 52(3), pages 505-523, May.
    4. Chang-Lan Xia & An-Pin Wei & Yu-Ting Huang, 2022. "The COVID-19 Lockdown and Mental Wellbeing of Females in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-19, April.
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