IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i9p5705-d810573.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of the Effects of Lockdown on Staff and Students at Universities in Spain and Colombia Using Natural Language Processing Techniques

Author

Listed:
  • Mario Jojoa

    (Department of Computer Science, Engineering Faculty, Electronics and Telecommunications University of Deusto, 48014 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Begonya Garcia-Zapirain

    (Department of Computer Science, Engineering Faculty, Electronics and Telecommunications University of Deusto, 48014 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Marino J. Gonzalez

    (Unit of Public Policy, Simon Bolivar University, Caracas 89000, Venezuela)

  • Bernardo Perez-Villa

    (Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA)

  • Elena Urizar

    (Deusto Business School Health, University of Deusto, 48014 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Sara Ponce

    (International Research Projects Office (IRPO), University of Deusto, 48014 Bilbao, Spain)

  • Maria Fernanda Tobar-Blandon

    (Public Health School, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of lockdown using natural language processing techniques, particularly sentiment analysis methods applied at large scale. Further, our work searches to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the university community, jointly on staff and students, and with a multi-country perspective. The main findings of this work show that the most often related words were “family”, “anxiety”, “house”, and “life”. Besides this finding, we also have shown that staff have a slightly less negative perception of the consequences of COVID-19 in their daily life. We have used artificial intelligence models such as swivel embedding and a multilayer perceptron as classification algorithms. The performance that was reached in terms of accuracy metrics was 88.8% and 88.5% for students and staff, respectively. The main conclusion of our study is that higher education institutions and policymakers around the world may benefit from these findings while formulating policy recommendations and strategies to support students during this and any future pandemics.

Suggested Citation

  • Mario Jojoa & Begonya Garcia-Zapirain & Marino J. Gonzalez & Bernardo Perez-Villa & Elena Urizar & Sara Ponce & Maria Fernanda Tobar-Blandon, 2022. "Analysis of the Effects of Lockdown on Staff and Students at Universities in Spain and Colombia Using Natural Language Processing Techniques," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5705-:d:810573
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/9/5705/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/9/5705/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aleksander Aristovnik & Damijana Keržič & Dejan Ravšelj & Nina Tomaževič & Lan Umek, 2020. "Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Life of Higher Education Students: A Global Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-34, October.
    2. Katz, Raúl & Jung, Juan & Callorda, Fernando, . "El estado de la digitalización de América Latina frente a la pandemia del COVID-19," Books, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica, number 1540.
    3. Ioulia Solomou & Fofi Constantinidou, 2020. "Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Compliance with Precautionary Measures: Age and Sex Matter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-19, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Juan Antonio Dip, 2023. "El Estrés y Ansiedad por COVID-19. Los Sentimientos de los Estudiantes Reflejados en la Opinión de una Encuesta Realizada en Pandemia," Working Papers 213, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    2. Carlos Henríquez Miranda & German Sanchez-Torres & Dixon Salcedo, 2023. "Exploring the Evolution of Sentiment in Spanish Pandemic Tweets: A Data Analysis Based on a Fine-Tuned BERT Architecture," Data, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-18, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aleksandra M. Rogowska & Dominika Ochnik & Karolina Chilicka & Iuliia Pavlova & Cezary Kuśnierz, 2022. "Validation of the Brief Perceived Positive Lockdown Impact Scale PPLIS-4," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Robert Tholen & Koen Ponnet & Guido Van Hal & Sara De Bruyn & Veerle Buffel & Sarah Van de Velde & Piet Bracke & Edwin Wouters, 2022. "Substance Use among Belgian Higher Education Students before and during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Silvia Mariela Méndez-Prado & Ariel Flores Ulloa, 2022. "The Impact Analysis of Psychological Issues and Pandemic-Related Variables on Ecuadorian University Students during COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-23, October.
    4. Nadia Nandlall & Lisa D. Hawke & Em Hayes & Karleigh Darnay & Mardi Daley & Jacqueline Relihan & Joanna Henderson, 2022. "Learning Through a Pandemic: Youth Experiences With Remote Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(3), pages 21582440221, September.
    5. Tabea Bork-Hüffer & Vanessa Kulcar & Ferdinand Brielmair & Andrea Markl & Daniel Marian Immer & Barbara Juen & Maria Hildegard Walter & Katja Kaufmann, 2021. "University Students’ Perception, Evaluation, and Spaces of Distance Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria: What Can We Learn for Post-Pandemic Educational Futures?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-25, July.
    6. Ilse Adriana Gutiérrez-Pérez & Pedro Delgado-Floody & Daniel Jerez-Mayorga & Diego Soto-García & Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete & Isela Parra-Rojas & Nacim Molina-Gutiérrez & Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán, 2021. "Lifestyle and Sociodemographic Parameters Associated with Mental and Physical Health during COVID-19 Confinement in Three Ibero-American Countries. A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
    7. Mateusz Ciski & Krzysztof Rząsa, 2023. "Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression in the Investigation of Local COVID-19 Anomalies Based on Population Age Structure in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-23, May.
    8. Yiu, Cho Yin & Ng, Kam K.H. & Yu, Simon C.M. & Yu, Chun Wah, 2022. "Sustaining aviation workforce after the pandemic: Evidence from Hong Kong aviation students toward skills, specialised training, and career prospects through a mixed-method approach," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 179-192.
    9. Sun, Xiaoqian & Wandelt, Sebastian & Zhang, Anming, 2021. "Technological and educational challenges towards pandemic-resilient aviation," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 104-115.
    10. Arielle Kaim & Maya Siman-Tov & Eli Jaffe & Bruria Adini, 2021. "From Isolation to Containment: Perceived Fear of Infectivity and Protective Behavioral Changes during the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-12, June.
    11. Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria & Idoia Legorburu Fernnadez & Darren M. Lipnicki & Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon & Javier Santabárbara, 2023. "Prevalence of Burnout among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-13, March.
    12. Sook-Fun Fong & Rui-Ying Loh & Sang-Long Choi, 2022. "Marketing Strategies and Customer Satisfaction: A Study on the Higher Education Institutions in Johor," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 12(2), pages 61-83, December.
    13. Philipp Bagus & José Antonio Peña-Ramos & Antonio Sánchez-Bayón, 2021. "COVID-19 and the Political Economy of Mass Hysteria," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-15, February.
    14. Samar Yakoob Almossa & Sahar Matar Alzahrani, 2022. "Assessment practices in Saudi higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-9, December.
    15. Ming-Yi Hsu & Shih-Chien Huang & Pang-Li Liu & Kwok-Tak Yeung & Yu-Ming Wang & Hao-Jan Yang, 2022. "The Interaction between Exercise and Marital Status on Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Taiwan Biobank," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-11, February.
    16. Micaela Di Consiglio & Sheila Merola & Tiziana Pascucci & Cristiano Violani & Alessandro Couyoumdjian, 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Italian University Students’ Mental Health: Changes across the Waves," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-13, September.
    17. María Molina-Oliva & Rafael Martín-Sánchez & Elena Pastor-Benito & Raúl Soto-Cámara & Rosa M. Cárdaba-García & Israel John Thuissard & Juan José Fernández-Domínguez & María Paz Matellán-Hernández & Su, 2023. "Influence of Previous Mental State on Psychological Outcomes of Spanish Out-of-Hospital Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-16, February.
    18. Marlene Camacho-Rivera & Jessica Yasmine Islam & Denise Christina Vidot & Sunit Jariwala, 2021. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Symptoms among U.S. Adults with Allergies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-9, February.
    19. Badr K. Aldhmadi & Rakesh Kumar & Ramaiah Itumalla & Bilesha Perera, 2021. "Depressive Symptomatology and Practice of Safety Measures among Undergraduate Students during COVID-19: Impact of Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-9, May.
    20. Piotr Przymuszała & Šucja Zielińska-Tomczak & Michał Kłos & Angelika Kowalska & Paulina Birula & Martyna Piszczek & Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska & Ryszard Marciniak, 2022. "Distance Learning and Assessment During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Perspectives of Polish Medical and Healthcare Students," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(1), pages 21582440221, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5705-:d:810573. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.