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The Interaction between Serotonin Transporter Allelic Variation and Maternal Care Modulates Instagram Sociability in a Sample of Singaporean Users

Author

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  • Andrea Bonassi

    (Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
    Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Bruno Kessler Foundation, 38123 Trento, Italy)

  • Ilaria Cataldo

    (Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy)

  • Giulio Gabrieli

    (Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore)

  • Moses Tandiono

    (Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
    Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore)

  • Jia Nee Foo

    (Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
    Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore)

  • Bruno Lepri

    (Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Bruno Kessler Foundation, 38123 Trento, Italy)

  • Gianluca Esposito

    (Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy)

Abstract

Human social interactions ensure recognition and approval from others, both in offline and online environments. This study applies a model from behavioral genetics on Instagram sociability to explore the impact of individual development on behavior on social networks. We hypothesize that sociable attitudes on Instagram resulted from an interaction between serotonin transporter gene alleles and the individual’s social relationship with caregivers. We assess the environmental and genetic components of 57 Instagram users. The self-report questionnaire Parental Bonding Instrument is adopted to determine the quality of parental bonding. The number of posts, followed users (“followings”), and followers are collected from Instagram as measures of online social activity. Additionally, the ratio between the number of followers and followings (“Social Desirability Index”) was calculated to estimate the asymmetry of each user’s social network. Finally, buccal mucosa cell samples were acquired, and the polymorphism rs25531 (T/T homozygotes vs. C-carriers) within the serotonin transporter gene was examined. In the preliminary analysis, we identified a gender effect on the number of followings. In addition, we specifically found a gene–environment interaction on the standardized Instagram “Social Desirability Index” in line with our predictions. Users with the genotype more sensitive to environmental influences (T/T homozygotes) showed a higher Instagram “Social Desirability Index” than nonsensitive ones (C-carriers) when they experienced positive maternal care. This result may contribute to understanding online social behavior from a gene*environment perspective.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Bonassi & Ilaria Cataldo & Giulio Gabrieli & Moses Tandiono & Jia Nee Foo & Bruno Lepri & Gianluca Esposito, 2022. "The Interaction between Serotonin Transporter Allelic Variation and Maternal Care Modulates Instagram Sociability in a Sample of Singaporean Users," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5348-:d:804084
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrea Bonassi & Alessandro Carollo & Ilaria Cataldo & Giulio Gabrieli & Moses Tandiono & Jia Nee Foo & Bruno Lepri & Gianluca Esposito, 2021. "Modulation of Instagram Number of Followings by Avoidance in Close Relationships in Young Adults under a Gene x Environment Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-14, July.
    2. Gül Dölen & Ayeh Darvishzadeh & Kee Wui Huang & Robert C. Malenka, 2013. "Social reward requires coordinated activity of nucleus accumbens oxytocin and serotonin," Nature, Nature, vol. 501(7466), pages 179-184, September.
    3. Longobardi, C. & Settanni, M. & Fabris, M.A. & Marengo, D., 2020. "Follow or be followed: Exploring the links between Instagram popularity, social media addiction, cyber victimization, and subjective happiness in Italian adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    4. Andrea Bonassi & Ilaria Cataldo & Giulio Gabrieli & Jia N. Foo & Bruno Lepri & Gianluca Esposito, 2020. "Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Early Parental Bonding Interact in Shaping Instagram Social Behavior," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-20, October.
    5. Pittman, Matthew & Abell, Annika, 2021. "More Trust in Fewer Followers: Diverging Effects of Popularity Metrics and Green Orientation Social Media Influencers," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 70-82.
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