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The Associations of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-Partner Sexual Violence with Hypertension in South African Women

Author

Listed:
  • Kim Anh Nguyen

    (Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Naeemah Abrahams

    (Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Rachel Jewkes

    (Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    Office of the Executive Scientist, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Shibe Mhlongo

    (Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Soraya Seedat

    (SAMRC Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa)

  • Bronwyn Myers

    (Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia)

  • Carl Lombard

    (Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Claudia Garcia-Moreno

    (UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland)

  • Esnat Chirwa

    (Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa)

  • Andre Pascal Kengne

    (Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa)

  • Nasheeta Peer

    (Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa)

Abstract

This study describes associations of intimate partner violence (IPV), non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) and sexual harassment (SH) exposures with hypertension in South African women aged 18–40 years. Baseline data ( n = 1742) from the Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation study, including a history of sexual, physical, emotional and economic IPV, NPSV and SH were examined. Hypertension was based on blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or a previous diagnosis. Logistic regressions were adjusted for traditional hypertension risk factors and previous trauma (e.g., recent rape). Hypertension was more prevalent in women with a history of all forms of IPV, NPSV, and SH, all p ≤ 0.001, compared to women without. Frequent NPSV (adjusted odds ratio: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.27–2.67) any SH (2.56; 1.60–4.03), frequent physical (1.44; 1.06–1.95) and emotional IPV (1.45; 1.06–1.98), and greater severity of emotional IPV (1.05; 1.02–1.08) were associated with hypertension. Current depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms and/or alcohol binge-drinking completely or partially mediated these associations. This study shows that exposure to gender-based violence is associated with hypertension in young women. Understanding the role of psychological stress arising from abuse may enable the development of prevention and management strategies for hypertension among women with histories of abuse.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim Anh Nguyen & Naeemah Abrahams & Rachel Jewkes & Shibe Mhlongo & Soraya Seedat & Bronwyn Myers & Carl Lombard & Claudia Garcia-Moreno & Esnat Chirwa & Andre Pascal Kengne & Nasheeta Peer, 2022. "The Associations of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-Partner Sexual Violence with Hypertension in South African Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:4026-:d:781908
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rosseel, Yves, 2012. "lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 48(i02).
    2. Karen M Devries & Joelle Y Mak & Loraine J Bacchus & Jennifer C Child & Gail Falder & Max Petzold & Jill Astbury & Charlotte H Watts, 2013. "Intimate Partner Violence and Incident Depressive Symptoms and Suicide Attempts: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-11, May.
    3. Andrew Gibbs & Rachel Jewkes & Samantha Willan & Laura Washington, 2018. "Associations between poverty, mental health and substance use, gender power, and intimate partner violence amongst young (18-30) women and men in urban informal settlements in South Africa: A cross-se," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-19, October.
    4. Bronwyn Myers & Felicia A. Browne & Tara Carney & Tracy Kline & Courtney Peasant Bonner & Wendee M. Wechsberg, 2021. "The Association of Recurrent and Multiple Types of Abuse with Adverse Mental Health, Substance Use, and Sexual Health Outcomes among Out-of-School Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cape Town, South ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-13, October.
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