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Frailty among Older People during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands

Author

Listed:
  • Martine J. Sealy

    (Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    FAITH Research, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Fons van der Lucht

    (Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    FAITH Research, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    Centre for Health and Society, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands)

  • Barbara C. van Munster

    (Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Wim P. Krijnen

    (Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    FAITH Research, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    Johan Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Hans Hobbelen

    (Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    FAITH Research, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Hans A. Barf

    (FAITH Research, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    School of Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    Department of Healthcare, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, 8917 DD Leeuwarden, The Netherlands)

  • Evelyn J. Finnema

    (FAITH Research, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    Department of Healthcare, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, 8917 DD Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
    Health Science-Nursing Science and Education, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Harriët Jager-Wittenaar

    (Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    FAITH Research, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA Groningen, The Netherlands
    Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Restrictive measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic may cause problems in the physical, social, and psychological functioning of older people, resulting in increased frailty. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of frailty, to examine differences in perceived COVID-19-related concerns and threats between frail and non-frail people and to identify variables associated with frailty in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in Dutch older people aged ≥ 65 years. We used data from the Lifelines COVID-19 Cohort Study. The Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) was used, with a score ≥ 4 indicating frailty. Frailty was described per domain (i.e., physical, cognitive, social, and psychological). The association between demographic, health and lifestyle variables and frailty was determined with logistic regression analyses. Frailty was present in 13% of the 11,145 participants that completed the GFI. Most items contributing to a positive frailty score were found within the social domain, in the frail (51%) and the non-frail (59%) persons. For items related to concerns and threats, a significantly higher proportion of frail people reported being worried or feeling threatened. In conclusion, during Corona restrictions, prevalence of frailty was considerable in older people from the Northern Netherlands, with one in eight being frail. Frailty was characterized by social problems and frail people were more often worried and felt threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Martine J. Sealy & Fons van der Lucht & Barbara C. van Munster & Wim P. Krijnen & Hans Hobbelen & Hans A. Barf & Evelyn J. Finnema & Harriët Jager-Wittenaar, 2022. "Frailty among Older People during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3669-:d:775062
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Carmen B Franse & Amy van Grieken & Li Qin & René J F Melis & Judith A C Rietjens & Hein Raat, 2017. "Socioeconomic inequalities in frailty and frailty components among community-dwelling older citizens," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, November.
    3. S. Bunt & N. Steverink & J. Olthof & C. P. Schans & J. S. M. Hobbelen, 2017. "Social frailty in older adults: a scoping review," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 323-334, September.
    4. Thomas Hale & Noam Angrist & Andrew J Hale & Beatriz Kira & Saptarshi Majumdar & Anna Petherick & Toby Phillips & Devi Sridhar & Robin N Thompson & Samuel Webster & Yuxi Zhang, 2021. "Government responses and COVID-19 deaths: Global evidence across multiple pandemic waves," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(7), pages 1-14, July.
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