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Associations between Emotional Distress, Sleep Changes, Decreased Tooth Brushing Frequency, Self-Reported Oral Ulcers and SARS-Cov-2 Infection during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

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  • Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria)

  • Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuniga

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Post Graduate School, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca 70805, Mexico)

  • Oliver C. Ezechi

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos 100001, Nigeria)

  • Brandon Brown

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92501, USA)

  • Annie L. Nguyen

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA)

  • Nourhan M. Aly

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt)

  • Passent Ellakany

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ifeoma E. Idigbe

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos 100001, Nigeria)

  • Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Superior University Lahore, Main Raiwind Road Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Folake Barakat Lawal

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria)

  • Mohammed Jafer

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia)

  • Balgis Gaffar

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia)

  • Bamidele Olubukola Popoola

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria)

  • Mir Faeq Ali Quadri

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA)

  • Jorma I. Virtanen

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland)

  • Joanne Lusher

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Provost’s Group, Regent’s University London, London NW1 4NS, UK)

  • Maha El Tantawi

    (Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
    Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt)

Abstract

This study assessed the association between emotional distress, sleep changes, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, and self-reported oral ulcers, and the association between COVID-19 status and decreased frequency of tooth brushing. Using a cross-sectional online survey, data were collected from adults in 152 countries between July and December 2020. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between dependent (decreased frequency of tooth brushing, oral ulcers, change in sleep pattern) and independent (tested positive for COVID-19, depression, anxiety, frustration/boredom, loneliness, anger, and grief/feeling of loss) variables after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, level of education, employment status). Of the 14,970 participants data analyzed, 1856 (12.4%) tested positive for COVID-19. Respondents who reported feeling depressed (AoR: 1.375), lonely (AoR: 1.185), angry (AoR: 1.299), and experienced sleep changes (AoR:1.466) had significantly higher odds of decreased tooth brushing frequency. Respondents who felt anxious (AoR: 1.255), angry (AoR: 1.510), grief/sense of loss (AoR: 1.236), and sleep changes (AoR: 1.262) had significantly higher odds of oral ulcers. Respondents who tested positive for COVID-19 had significantly higher odds of decreased tooth brushing frequency (AoR: 1.237) and oral ulcers (AoR: 2.780). These findings highlight that the relationship between emotional distress and oral health may intensify during a pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan & Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuniga & Oliver C. Ezechi & Brandon Brown & Annie L. Nguyen & Nourhan M. Aly & Passent Ellakany & Ifeoma E. Idigbe & Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan & Folake, 2022. "Associations between Emotional Distress, Sleep Changes, Decreased Tooth Brushing Frequency, Self-Reported Oral Ulcers and SARS-Cov-2 Infection during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-11, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:18:p:11550-:d:914371
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert Stanton & Quyen G. To & Saman Khalesi & Susan L. Williams & Stephanie J. Alley & Tanya L. Thwaite & Andrew S. Fenning & Corneel Vandelanotte, 2020. "Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-13, June.
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