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Profiles of Wellbeing in Soft and Hard Mountain Hikers

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  • Piotr Próchniak

    (Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyze the wellbeing profiles in a group of Polish mountain hikers. The study involved 242 young people (M = 23.50; SD = 4.40) who completed various wellbeing scales: The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) , Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ) , Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS ), Time Satisfaction Scale (TSS) , Hope Scale , General Self-Efficiency Scale , Ego Resiliency Scale , Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) , and Adventure-Seeking Behavior Scale . Cluster analyses revealed two types of mountain hikers: hard adventure hikers and soft adventure hikers, with different profiles of subjective wellbeing. Hard adventure hikers most often revealed high levels of life satisfaction, control of life, meaning of life, and positive emotions, along with low levels of negative emotions. Moreover, these hikers revealed high levels of satisfaction in various time perspectives (past, present, and future) and a high level of psychological capital. On the other hand, soft adventure hikers most often revealed an average level of satisfaction with life, control of life, and positive emotions, average satisfaction in the past and present time perspective, and average levels of psychological capital. Soft adventure hikers also revealed higher levels of negative emotions and satisfaction in the future time perspective. The present research indicated that mountain hikers are not a homogenous group. The profiles of wellbeing in the hikers varied depending on the type of stimulating behavior in a natural environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr Próchniak, 2022. "Profiles of Wellbeing in Soft and Hard Mountain Hikers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7429-:d:841038
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shengxiang She & Yunzhang Tian & Lin Lu & Iveta Eimontaite & Ting Xie & Yan Sun, 2019. "An Exploration of Hiking Risk Perception: Dimensions and Antecedent Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-14, June.
    2. David Newman & Louis Tay & Ed Diener, 2014. "Leisure and Subjective Well-Being: A Model of Psychological Mechanisms as Mediating Factors," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 555-578, June.
    3. Barbara Eigenschenk & Andreas Thomann & Mike McClure & Larissa Davies & Maxine Gregory & Ulrich Dettweiler & Eduard Inglés, 2019. "Benefits of Outdoor Sports for Society. A Systematic Literature Review and Reflections on Evidence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
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