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Effects of Nutritional Interventions on Accuracy and Reaction Time with Relevance to Mental Fatigue in Sporting, Military, and Aerospace Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

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  • Liam S. Oliver

    (School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia)

  • John P. Sullivan

    (The Brain Always Wins, LLC, Newport, RI 02840, USA)

  • Suzanna Russell

    (School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD 4014, Australia)

  • Jonathan M. Peake

    (School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
    School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia)

  • Mitchell Nicholson

    (School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia)

  • Craig McNulty

    (School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia)

  • Vincent G. Kelly

    (School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
    School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia)

Abstract

Background : Research in sport, military, and aerospace populations has shown that mental fatigue may impair cognitive performance. The effect of nutritional interventions that may mitigate such negative effects has been investigated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the effects of nutritional interventions on cognitive domains often measured in mental fatigue research. Methods : A systematic search for articles was conducted using key terms relevant to mental fatigue in sport, military, and aerospace populations. Two reviewers screened 11,495 abstracts and 125 full texts. A meta-analysis was conducted whereby effect sizes were calculated using subgroups for nutritional intervention and cognitive domains. Results : Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The consumption of energy drinks was found to have a small positive effect on reaction time, whilst the use of beta-alanine, carbohydrate, and caffeine had no effect. Carbohydrate and caffeine use had no effect on accuracy. Conclusions : The results of this meta-analysis suggest that consuming energy drinks may improve reaction time. The lack of effect observed for other nutritional interventions is likely due to differences in the type, timing, dosage, and form of administration. More rigorous randomized controlled trials related to the effect of nutrition interventions before, during, and after induced mental fatigue are required.

Suggested Citation

  • Liam S. Oliver & John P. Sullivan & Suzanna Russell & Jonathan M. Peake & Mitchell Nicholson & Craig McNulty & Vincent G. Kelly, 2021. "Effects of Nutritional Interventions on Accuracy and Reaction Time with Relevance to Mental Fatigue in Sporting, Military, and Aerospace Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-21, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2021:i:1:p:307-:d:713034
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, 2010. "Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 36(i03).
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